武器装备建设管理信息集成化问题研究

提高国防实力必须加强武器装备建设,武器装备建设管理信息集成化是实现武器装备现代化建设的有效途径。本文介绍了武器装备建设信息集成化的内涵及作用,分别阐述了CALS、SBA、VR、IMS等先进的装备建设信息集成化技术和方法,给出了建设武器装备信息集成化系统的建议。     

Pitfalls in planning: Contrasting perspectives on mental health and corporate planning

Planning is a management activity that has been linked to high quality services, organizational growth, and in austere times, to organizational survival. The present study was undertaken to identify the critical barriers that inhibit or derail effective planning. It was predicted that human service and corporate managers would generally agree about the most and least important planning pitfalls in their systems. Discrepancies would be related to differences in the structural characteristics of organizations in the two sectors. Rankings made by 57 senior mental health administrators of the most and least important pitfalls in planning were contrasted with those of 159 corporate executives. Substantial agreement between the two groups of executives was found.     

Evaluating Reagan's block grants. Informed opinions on essential issues and needed information resources

In this paper a set of common issues has been proposed to provide a framework for evaluating the effects of current and future block grant programs. By using these issues to identify current information needs and resources, the author attempts to promote the wider use of the available evaluation information on the current block grants and budget reductions, and to identify information gaps in these data bases.     

短语结构与其成分的语法和语义关系——以“VA了”述补结构为中心

“VA了”述补结构对进入其中的述语动词和补语形容词有一定的语法和语义要求。总结这些要求可以从探讨“VA了”述补结构本身的句法和语义特征入手。对“VA了”述补结构及其成分的研究表明,短语结构对进入其中的成分存在语义要求,事实上,成分的语义特征和成分之间的语义关系决定了特定短语的句法结构和意义。     

Program implementation and evaluation results: A reexamination of type III error in a field experiment

This paper reexamines the implementation results obtained from a true experiment in criminal justice. The original analyses found a significant difference in employment outcome between the control group and those experimental clients who received the highest level of treatment. The present analyses attempt to bracket true treatment effects by partitioning both experimental and control groups into treated and untreated subgroups, and by combining data from two independent sources. The original results do not obtain when implementation of the control treatment is also considered in the analysis. Corroborating earlier findings, a positive association was found between magnitude of experimental treatment implementation and employment, but it was unclear that the experimental program was responsible for this relationship. The limitations of the experimental design for disentangling effective components of treatment are discussed. The paper provides an example of the utility of secondary analysis for understanding evaluation results.     

The use of the nominal group technique to isolate teacher job stressors

The nominal group technique, a small-group decision-making process which offers open and relatively unrestricted response to problem identification and resolution, was used as a means of identifying the major stressors of elementary school teachers and the concomitant solutions to their problems. Although the specific stressors that have been presented in this paper are not necessarily applicable to other school districts, the nominal group technique itself should be very useful in other school districts as well as in most any work setting.The active involvement of teachers in defining and solving their own problems is a critical aspect of the technique. Teachers, like most employees, will more actively solve problems and accept innovations if they can see some tangible benefit for themselves in doing so.“Intensity of work demands” was the most frequently mentioned job stressor and also received the highest combined ranking for the nine teacher groups. “Student misbehavior and lack of motivation” ranked a close second.     

The use of evaluation models for decision making: Application to the community anti-crime program

Evaluations are typically designed to provide useful information, including measures of program effectiveness. Although this information is intended to be useful, the general literature on evaluations suggests that instances in which evaluations are explicitly used for decision making are rare. This article discusses the use of decision-theoretic evaluation models, and their applicability in practice as well as in principle. A case study is presented from the evaluation of LEAA's Community Anti-Crime Program, in which a decision analysis based on a decision-theoretic evaluation model influenced a programmatic decision which arose during the conduct of the evaluation.