Using concept mapping as a planning tool: Child welfare citizen review panels

Citizen Review Panels (CRPs) are groups of citizen volunteers authorized by U.S. federal law to examine state child welfare agencies. These groups inspect policies and practices related to child protection responsibilities and are tasked with making recommendations for systemic improvement. Despite the federal mandate for each state to develop a CRP and the potential of these groups to positively impact child welfare practices, there is a dearth in the literature related to CRPs. Consequently, planning and evaluation processes of these groups vary widely. This study reports on the use of concept mapping (CM) to outline a framework for planning and subsequently evaluating the CRP in one southeastern state. CM is a mixed-method research approach that uses multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses to explore an area of study. Through these analyses, the method creates visual depictions of conceptual relationships between ideas. Data yielded a seven cluster concept map that CRP members (N = 36) utilized for planning processes, and subsequently for developing an internal evaluation tool. Results from this study offer a unifying framework by which CRPs, and similar groups in other areas can utilize for planning and evaluation purposes. After a review of pertinent literature on CRPs, this article explicates CM processes utilized in this study, describes results, discusses lessons learned, and outlines apposite areas for future CRP research.     

德国行政赔偿制度的特色与成因

德国行政赔偿制度有着不同于大陆法系国家和普通法系国家行政赔偿制度的特色,这种特色突出体现在行政赔偿基础的赔偿请求权和对行政赔偿案件进行救济的赔偿审理制度两个方面。德国行政赔偿制度的特色是由在漫长的历史过程中所形成的思想因素、制度因素和文化因素造就而成。     

费耶阿本德的相对主义和不可通约

费耶阿本德所讨论的相对主义已经与传统的相对主义有很大的不同,他对相对主义的诠释在本质上是与他的不可通约的观点一致的。费耶阿本德的相对主义和不可通约超越了客观主义与相对主义的绝对对立,同时也是后现代思想的源泉。费耶阿本德的思想也是倡导一种文化多元论,对于反对文化霸权主义、发展我们的民族文化具有重要的实践意义。     

论五凉学术的渊源和特征

东汉末年 ,随着私人讲学盛行及魏、西晋统治中心河洛地区的玄学流行 ,河西五郡及与之毗邻的关陇地区成为汉代章句之学的重镇。但在西晋末年 ,由于外来学者的涌入和外出凉州士人的归来 ,凉州学术逐渐失去其地方特色 ,呈现出多元化的倾向。五凉学术与西晋有前后承继关系 ,体现出魏晋学术的总体风貌     

论生态环境与审美意识——青海审美文化研究之一

从文化生态学来看,审美文化是在特殊的地理自然环境中发育起来的文化形态。早期青海先民在与自然的依生关系中,形成了具有原始宗教意味的审美意识。同时青海自然环境的多样化促成了各民族审美意识的多元化。     

费耶阿本德眼中的经验事实及其启示

费耶阿本德在他的《反对方法》一书中,从多种角度论证了他的多元主义方法论,对科学哲学中的非理性思想和相对主义思想作了进一步的发展。其中,在他的反归纳原则中,他论证的一个重要角度就是对经验事实的再考察,从而得出了理论多元化的思想。     

Child Care “Packaging” Among TANF Recipients: Implications for Social Work

This article reports the results of a study that examined the ways in which current and recent TANF recipients assembled or “packaged” their child care arrangements among formal and informal providers. The findings are drawn from in-person, in-depth interviews with current and former welfare recipients. The study found that most of the respondents used multiple providers within the category of informal child care for reasons including availability, the use of a network of social acquaintances as a problem-solving resource, the need to accommodate irregular work hours, and personal trauma that contributed to a distrust of strangers in formal settings. The findings can affect the efficacy of practice with TANF recipients by contributing to social workers’ understanding of the context of decision-making regarding child care.     

论大众化背景下课堂教学评价之多元化

按照马丁·特罗的观点,由精英教育到大众化教育再到普及化教育,是高等教育发展演进中量变到质变的过程。因此,高等教育其数量的累积和规模的扩张(量变),必然导致其自身内涵的跃迁(质变),这种跃迁本质上就是高等教育理念和功能的深刻变革。例如,大众化背景下多样化的高等教育质量观就是对其精英教育质量观的僭越。由此,那么凡绕牵着质量观的诸如教学观、评价观也必定随之而动。多元化的课堂教学评价观正是这种联动效应的产物。大众化条件下高等教育课堂教学评价的多元化,即包含着评价理念、价值取向、标准、内容、主体、功能和方法的多元化。     

基于社会服务项目的儿童福利资源整合

当前,我国儿童福利资源存在资源匮乏、供给分散、可获得性弱等问题,而社会服务项目则是解决这些问题的一种路径。以福利治理为理论视角,尝试以一个留守儿童社会服务项目为例的研究发现,该项目通过不同形式的合作整合了来自政府、军队、群团组织、社会组织、企业、社区等资源,提高了福利资源的供给效率,满足了留守儿童多元化的福利需求,但是,由于项目本身的周期性、制度保障的缺乏等限制,导致了项目难以持续发挥作用。因此,基于社会服务项目的福利资源整合只是一种基于实践基础上的暂时的整合,而最根本的还需要在福利制度上进行整合。     

Incomes after Job‐loss in the United States: From Programme Rules to Panel Data

Welfare state studies are usually motivated by one or both of two concerns: programme effects on the incidence of poverty, and the possibility of perverse incentive effects. Most research has been comparative, using cross‐national indicators from the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development and other international organizations. That research often contrasts the generosity of programmes in a number of European countries and the lack of it in the USA. Focusing on income transfers after job‐loss, in this article we critically examine the comparative evidence on US welfare state generosity and then use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate what happens to job‐losers' incomes. The comparative analysis suggests conclusions more nuanced than found in much of the literature. The PSID analysis shows how the income effects of job‐loss vary across job‐losers and suggests that the role of unemployment compensation programmes in supporting incomes may be overstated.