Steps towards an integration of basic therapeutic skills: a qualitative study of the development of the ideas of 15 social work students about being helpful to clients

Social work students ( n =39) were shown 10 videotaped client situations prior to and after participating in a communication skills training course. At both times, they were asked to write proposals for helpful answers for each of these situations. Proposals made by a sample of 15 students were analyzed with regard to patterns in their answers before and after the training course. These 15 were selected by using quantitative data identifying those students who changed their level of communicated empathy during the training course and those who did not. The communication course is described. Patterns in the proposals are examined and discussed in relation to central concepts of helping; such as acknowledging, empathic communication and working alliance. Three steps in the development of skillfulness are described and suggested as more general steps in the acquisition of therapeutic competence. The validity and reliability of the study are discussed, as well as possible implications of the findings for social work education.     

中国诗书画艺术的观照方式

“仰观俯察”、“远取近求”的艺术观照方式,构筑了华夏民族独特的认识自然、省悟人生的思维及审美模式和艺术生成发展的基础,形成了中国诗文、书法、绘画等艺术形式特有的品格特征。     

对“以贷还贷”借款合同效力的思考

中国人民银行在《关于借款合同有关法律问题的复函》中对“以贷还贷”借款合同所作的有效认定,违背了《商业银行法》和《借款通则》有关借款规定的基本精神,该行为实施的后果不仅会严重侵害担保人的合法权益,而且为金融监管机构对商业银行信贷资产的有效监管设置了巨大障碍,干扰了国家货币政策的正确制定,纵容了商业银行的短期经营行为。在银监会加大对银行业监管力度的今天,我们应当通过立法形式对“以贷还贷”借款合同的效力作出否定性规定,以使商业银行的贷款业务健康地向前发展。     

Influences on Authorship Issues: An Evaluation of Receiving,Not Receiving,and Rejecting Credit

A survey on credit issues was conducted of academic chemists in Ph.D. granting institutions in the United States. Six-hundred faculty members responded representing 16% of the survey recipients. Fifty percent of the respondents reported not receiving appropriate credit for contributions they had made to published projects. Neither the number of years after receiving their Ph.D., their fields of expertise, their total number of publications, nor their total number of single-author publications showed any significant relationship with the perception of not receiving appropriate credit. Twenty percent of the respondents had discovered that they were an author of a paper, after that paper had been submitted to a journal. Forty-nine percent reported that they had asked to have their name deleted as an author. Relationships between these perceptions and academic background factors were examined. For example, respondents who had asked to be removed from authorship were more likely to give authorship or an acknowledgement to others and were also more likely to have had an authorship problem with others, both of these factors being related to longevity as a publishing scientist.     

Unacknowledged Rape: The Influences of Child Sexual Abuse and Personality Traits

Evidence supports that the majority of young women who experience sexual victimization that meets the legal definition of rape do not label their experiences as rape—this has been termed unacknowledged rape. In a sample of 77 young adult women, the odds of unacknowledged rape significantly increased as a function of less severe child sexual abuse histories and greater levels of dysfunctional personality traits. Potential explanations for these findings as well as clinical implications are discussed. Because of the potential psychological and societal consequences of unacknowledged rape, it is vital that researchers continue to examine this phenomenon.     

Adoptive Family Adjustment and Its Relation to Perceived Family Environment

ABSTRACT

Fifty-one adopted college students from three mid-sized East Coast universities participated in interviews structured to gather information regarding adoptees' perceptions of adoptive family life. Additionally, subjects completed a scale which measured their perceptions of general characteristics of family environment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that of ten adoption-specific factors derived from interview data, overall satisfaction with one's adoptive status and family life was the strongest predictor of perceived general family environment. Adoptee satisfaction predicted high levels of family expressiveness, ethical focus and involvement in shared activities as well as low levels of family conflict. Adoptees' perception of adoptive fathers' and mothers' communication styles predicted different aspects of family environment. Adoptees' acknowledgment of life differences due to their adoptive status did not relate to family expressiveness. The latter finding lends support to recent research suggesting that acknowledgment and expressiveness are independent aspects of adoptive family functioning.     

新形势下我国工人阶级内部统一战线问题分析

改革开放以来,随着所有制结构形式的变化,我国工人阶级内部产生了许多相对独立的阶层。工人阶级内部各阶层之间在根本利益一致的情况下,存在着方方面面的差异,不可避免地存在着矛盾。正确认识这些差异和矛盾,加强工人阶级自身的团结和统一,已成为新时期党的统一战线工作的当务之急。因此,深入剖析工人阶级内部存在的矛盾,面对新情况、新问题加强工人阶级内部的统一战线工作。成为刻不容缓的理论与实践的严峻课题。     

普通高校成教生身份认同危机原因及对策分析

本文认为要增强成教生的身份认同,应该改变成教生的培养模式,使之尽量向全日制学生靠拢。     

Influences on Authorship Issues: An Evaluation of Giving Credit

A survey on authorship issues was conducted with academic chemists in Ph.D.-granting institutions in the United States. Six hundred faculty members responded. The respondents reported a wide range in their attitudes and behavior regarding giving credit in a publication. The various guidelines for authorship are independent of academic background factors such as the relationship between the senior author and the contributor-potential author. However, the survey data reveal significant context-dependency by the respondents. Many respondents would give more credit to their own student than to another professor's student for the exact same contribution to a research project. The survey data further shows that the faculty who received their Ph.D. in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s are the most likely to provide authorship, while those who received their Ph.D. in the 1990s and 2000s would most likely give either no credit or acknowledgments.