贯通形上形下的努力——试论真德秀对朱子理学本体论的发展

真德秀的哲学本体论与朱子理学有明显区别。其“道”是自然规律,主要体现为天时与地利;其“理”是必然与应然的统一,必然是因果,应然是中正标准;其“太极”追求乾元与吾身的一体,集中体现了他贯通形上形下关系的努力。其“气”范畴具有阴阳之间感应、人赖以生存的条件、生命现象和人的精神等多重含义;其“器”范畴包括人的才质和独立人格等含义;其“物”范畴则具有客观对象和人的创造与实践成果等意义。真德秀专门讨论形上与形下二者关系时,既认识到“道”、“器”不可分,同时又强调“道”、“器”不相混。在“理”与“物”的关系中,强调二者未尝相离,以论证社会规范与自然规律的统一,避免了“理”独立于“气”的概念虚化之弊。     

城市社区异质性与邻里社会资本研究

我国社会结构的剧烈变迁加深了社区人口的异质性,这种结构性的变化将对城市邻里的社会资本产生重大影响。关于社区内部异质性对邻里社会资本的作用,国内外学者看法不一。在剖析争论的基础上,本文提出了一种分类研究框架,认为社区内部异质性对两种性质的社会资本具有不同的影响。社区内部异质性的增大会抑制整合性的社会资本,但有可能促进链合性的社会资本。     

Bonding and Bridging Social Capital Development by Social Workers

ABSTRACT

Developing service users’ bonding and bridging social capital is an increasingly recognized role of social workers. A survey of 570 Chinese service users, sampled from 41 social service units in Hong Kong, provided data for the study. Results demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity in a confirmatory factor model about the measurement of bonding and bridging social capital development, mutuality, and assistance to the community. This evidence for the validity and usefulness of social capital development endorses social workers’ role in developing service users’ social capital. Further research needs to assess the generalizability of the present findings in other sociocultural settings.     

SPZ1100/40双线铁路箱梁造桥机的设计

根据双线整孔简支箱梁节段预制拼装的施工要求，对造桥机的结构形式、梁段就位方式、走行方式、支承方式、下托梁和调位落架装置等进行了技术比较，确定了SPZ1100/40造桥机的总体构思。详细介绍了该机的构造和技术特点。实践证明，该机的设计和应用是成功的，为我国铁路简支梁向大跨方向的发展提供了先进的施工技术，具有广阔的应用前景。     

New techniques in small area population estimates by demographic characteristics

The increasing demand for small area population estimates calls for both innovative ways of using existing data and new techniques suitable for small area estimates. This paper explores the methods for population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin at the census tract level for Multnomah County, Oregon. New techniques include employing building permits to indirectly estimate migration and examining the changes in age/sex structure using the American Community Survey (ACS). A practical method for bridging the race categories is also developed. Finally, the paper discusses some reflections on small area estimates and the potentials of using ACS to track the changes of the demographic characteristics for the sub-county level.     

确定性桥接参照及其认知语用因素

根据国内外专家与学者在认知语用领域的研究理论，界定确定性桥接参照及其特点，归纳参照标示语的三大句法形式及七种语义关系。从话语交际双方出发，分析影响确定性桥接参照构建与解读的若干认知语用因素——可及性、已知性、共识性和最佳关联性，以及它们在桥接参照构建和指称确认过程中各自的作用。     

In search of a happy medium: How the structure of interorganizational networks influence community economic development strategies

Routes to economic development attract considerable attention among social scientists, policy makers, and community activists. Increasingly, social scientists examine various attributes of communities, their members, and their natural surroundings that facilitate and inhibit economic development. However, few empirical analyses exist that analyze the impact of a community's network structure on different forms of economic development such as on industrial recruitment and self-development. Using data collected from six communities in Washington State, the impact of a community's interorganizational network structure on industrial recruitment and self-development is examined. Results suggest that different types of network structures are better suited for different economic development strategies. A certain level of cohesiveness among community organizations and institutions are favorable for implementing self-development projects. However for industrial recruitment, networks that are bridging facilitate more types of economic development. While bonding and bridging network structures appear to be at odds with one another, it is possible for communities to increase both forms of economic development by maintaining a certain level of cohesiveness among subcomponents and increasing the number of organizations that serve as cut-points connecting non-redundant sources of information. These findings illustrate the need for communities and local activists to consider a community's network structure when deciding on an economic development strategy.     

基于有声思维法的语用照应研究

语用照应作为一种语言现象，在言语交际中起着重要作用，然而人们的认知能力对理解语用照应则有很大影响。有声思维作为分析人类认知过程的一种方法，被运用于心理学、教育学和认知科学等多个领域中。以此将有声思维这一研究方法应用于语用照应研究，实验结果将作为实证研究的有力补充。     

Promoting Modern Technology and Internet Access for Under-Represented Older Populations

Abstract

Bridging the Gap, a South Australian research based program, was designed to introduce the concepts of modern technology and some Internet skills to people over 55. Target populations included people in rural areas, those with a first language other than English and people who were frail or had a disability. Informal, interactive, hands-on sessions were developed which demonstrated the concepts underpinning modern computer-based devices and their applications in society. Major findings indicated that most participants identified feeling less anxious and more confident about using modern technology after the program and that they were using a new range of computer-based skills.     

Women’s Voluntary Organizations in Canada: Bridgers,Bonders, or Both?

Using a sample of 645 voluntary organizations in Canada, this study explores the differences between women’s voluntary organizations and gender-neutral organizations in their propensity to form a bridging or a bonding interorganizational relationship. The results suggest that not only do women’s organizations in Canada collaborate more than gender-neutral organizations, but also the tendency to have bridging or bonding relationships is significantly different. The factors predisposing women’s organizations to have collaborators inside or outside their network seems to be affected by how much the environmental changes in Canada impact their survival and whether the nature of the causes they support makes them an attractive partner. For gender-neutral organizations the tendency to bridge or bond seems to relate more to traditional organizational characteristics, such as size and staffing efficiency.