职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响 ——基于资源保存理论视角

基于资源保存理论视角,构建了一个有调节的中介模型,实证研究了职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响。结果显示：职场孤独感对员工帮助行为具有负向影响,关系认同在职场孤独感与员工帮助行为之间起中介作用,自我控制资源损耗负向调节了关系认同与员工帮助行为之间的关系,自我控制资源损耗调节了关系认同在职场孤独感和员工帮助行为之间发挥的中介作用。基于此,企业应重视员工的职场孤独感并加强管理,采取相应激励措施鼓励员工提高关系认同感,补充自我控制资源,从而降低职场孤独感对企业组织的不利影响。     

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的"口袋化"纠偏

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪之所以独立成罪,是因为旨在有效抑制日益严重的网络犯罪,而将具有类型性地侵害法益抽象危险性的网络犯罪帮助行为,配置独立的构成要件与法定刑,以摆脱对下游犯罪成罪与否（如罪量）及刑罚轻重的依赖。但立法定位不准、行为类型认定混乱、界限竞合处理随意及中立帮助行为认定不清,造成该罪的“口袋化”。实际上,争论该罪是“帮助行为正犯化”还是“帮助犯的量刑规则”,并无实际意义;该罪也并非所谓中立帮助行为的正犯化;企图从是否存在“通谋”“充分的意思联络”、是否专门为他人“量身定制”、是否情节严重等方面区分该罪与诈骗等罪的共犯,有违共犯原理、责任主义及罪刑均衡原则,而不可取。只要客观上与他人实施的网络犯罪行为及其结果之间具有因果性,主观上对此存在认识,而且行为本身违反相关禁止性规定,原则上都不能否认诈骗等罪共犯的成立。     

Penny for Your Thoughts: Beggars and the Exercise of Morality in Daily Life1

Urban sociology has tended to study interactions between passersby and “street persons” with an emphasis on the ways street persons become bothersome, harassing, or dangerous. This article moves away from the focus on the ways interactions in public go awry and focuses on how individuals account for the mundane, everyday exchanges they have with strangers who seek their help. Based on interview data (N = 31) and qualitative analysis of data from an Internet survey (N = 110), this article suggests that the presence of beggars does not inherently symbolize urban decay to passersby and does not necessarily elicit anxiety, but instead provides a valuable texture of urban life. Further, the article argues that individuals, when justifying their responses to requests for help from needy persons (beggars) in urban spaces, use a variety of cultural strategies to maintain their perception of themselves as moral persons, both when they choose to help and when they refuse. Drawing from these findings, the article suggests that urban sociology and the sociology of risk would benefit from sensitizing their studies of public interactions to the diverse meanings individuals assign to them, rather than presupposing annoyance, anxiety, or fear as their predominant characteristic.     

Exploring the nonverbal facet of ethnic discrimination: a field experiment on anti-Roma racism in the Paris métro

A field experiment on the discrimination of Roma migrants from Eastern Europe was conducted in two stations of the Paris metro to explore the behaviors that may communicate misrecognition in everyday encounters. An actress asked for help to randomly chosen passengers on a metro platform, wearing a glaringly Romani skirt in the treatment condition but an unconspicuous middle-class style in the control condition. In interaction with the actress wearing the Romani skirt, passengers were found to enact the so-called “visual dominance pattern”, and male passengers in particular were found to keep greater distances. Reverse discrimination also occurred as women kept shorter distances from the actress bearing the ethnic stigma. Last, passengers helped less the stigmatized actress, but only in one of the two metro stations where trials were conducted.     

老人自死习俗:尧舜禹禅让的真相

依据爱德华·泰勒的万物有灵观、弗雷泽的原始巫术思维原理、范热内普的过渡礼仪等人类学经典理论,从尧舜禅让中的舜囚尧,以及典籍中的类比性描述,对《尚书》中年龄数字的剖析,去掉神话历史化、历史道德化的迷雾,尧舜禹禅让的真相是老人自死习俗,周期三年。商末周初,随着观念和习俗的演变,老人生命的终结,逐渐由自死的形式过渡到自然死亡的形式,该习俗已经在国家层面不复存在,并分别演化成"大夫七十而致事"的官礼、"三年之丧"的丧礼。老人自死是那个时代敬老、孝道的重大仪式。     

物质的追求能否带来快乐与幸福--物质主义价值观及其影响研究

物质主义通常指一种强调物质拥有和社会声望重要性的个体价值观。高物质主义者在对外部目标的追求与基本心理需要的满足之间形成了一个不断循环的怪圈。这个循环体系维系了物质主义的生活方式,却也带来更低的自我评价、更高的不满意感和更负面的情绪反应。文章概括了物质主义价值观对幸福感的影响以及社会比较和自尊在其中的中介作用;物质主义价值观对人际信任与助人意愿的影响,也为指导大众树立正确的消费观念,开启健康的生活模式提供了建议和引导。     

湘西土家族苗族自治州扶贫开发的历史反思

经过 2 0年的艰苦奋斗 ,湘西土家族苗族自治州的扶贫开发取得了显著成效 ,基本实现了预期的扶贫工作目标。但是 ,全州仍然有相当部分农村人口尚未解决温饱问题 ,扶贫任务还十分艰巨。本文从全国反贫困战略的角度 ,梳理了湘西州扶贫开发的基本过程 ,评述了扶贫开发的思路和举措 ,总结了 2 0年扶贫开发的基本经验 ,对于推动下一步的扶贫开发工作具有一定的启发作用。     

城乡差异、就医惯性与老年人卫生服务利用

现有对城乡老年人卫生服务利用不公平的研究多忽略了长期的城乡差异所导致的隐性的农村老年人就医惯性的存在。本研究在控制了收入、医疗保障和就医可及性等因素的条件下,发现就医惯性的存在;并运用集中指数分解法发现,卫生服务的利用存在不公平,偏向于富人,而就医惯性在两种卫生服务利用中的贡献度分别为12%和5%。这种城乡固定差异造成了农村老年人在身体健康、心理健康和自我照料能力上都显著地低于城市老年人。     

Does the sense of the geographic proximity of a requester influence donation? Three evaluations in field studies

It has been reported that familiarity or incidental similarities with a stranger influenced an individual’s behavior. However, the effect of the sense of geographical proximity believing that someone comes from the same area that somebody has never been examined. Three field experiments examined this effect on donations to humanitarian organizations. In the first study, participants were asked by a confederate to donate food products to a humanitarian organization. In Study 2, participants were asked by confederates to donate money for children. In Study 3, donation boxes were displayed in bakeries with a message that invited customers to donate money for children. In all the studies, participants were led to believe that they would be helping people in need or people who live in their national or local geographic area. Results showed that donations were higher in the geographical proximity condition. This “neighborhood effect” was discussed.     

Self-Assessment and Change in One's Profession: Notes on the Phenomenology of Aging Among Mid-Life Women

Using data from a pilot study of mid-life, mid-career women in nursing, this research note suggests further exploration of women's work roles in understanding subjective assessments of self and aging. The analysis shows that among the nurses studied, dynamics of occupational or professional change were related to views of self in the future. These issues of change rather than age graded norms for achievement were paramount in the nurses' self assessment.