Latin American convergence and divergence towards the mortality profiles of developed countries

It is uncertain whether Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries are approaching a single mortality regime. Over the last three decades, LAC has experienced major public health interventions and the highest number of homicides in the world. However, these interventions and homicide rates are not evenly shared across countries. This study documents trends in life expectancy and lifespan variability for 20 LAC countries, 2000–14. By extending a previous method, we decompose differences in lifespan variability between LAC and a developed world benchmark into cause-specific effects. For both sexes, dispersion of amenable diseases through the age span makes the largest contribution to the gap between LAC and the benchmark. Additionally, for males, the concentration of homicides, accidents, and suicides in mid-life further impedes mortality convergence. Great disparity exists in the region: while some countries are rapidly approaching the developed regime, others remain far behind and suffer a clear disadvantage in population health.     

论公共管理实践中的“试点”方法

试点是我国公共管理实践中常用的一种方法,是政策制定的一个有机组成部分,为各级公共管理部门所广泛采用。当前我国公共管理部门所开展的试点越来越多,一方面说明试点是一种有效的公共管理方法,有利于提高制度设计的精度和可控性;另一方面也反映当前改革难度日趋加大,改革的不确定性逐渐增强。在实践中,试点方法又面临诸多挑战,影响了试点的内在效度和外在效度。因此,需要加强相关制度建设,以提高试点方法的内在效度与外在效度。     

近代天皇制:日本发动对外战争的罪魁

近代天皇制是日本对外侵略战争连绵不断之深层次、制度意义上的原因。因为近代天皇制是日本政治制度的核心 ,是军国主义的基础 ;天皇是战时国家的最高军事统帅 ,是国家最高领导人和最终决策者 ,天皇无论是在战前、战时、战后 ,都是日本国民教育的精神领袖。     

论电子证据的法律地位

随着科学技术的进步和计算机的广泛运用 ,电子证据在刑事诉讼活动和证明过程中占有日益显著的地位。作为对新生事物的关注 ,我国法学理论界对电子证据的法律地位、种类归属及证据力等问题的研究在近年内也缓慢起步。因此 ,当前有必要从电子证据的收集与提取、资格与归属、认证与证明力各环节出发 ,对电子证据进行更加深入的理论分析和探讨 ,从而作出新的立法构想与安排 ,以弥补旧有制度的缺陷 ,并适应社会进步和国际发展趋势。     

论所用权 --与民法所有权的比较分析

所有权是民法 (外 )物权的核心 ,而所用权则是经济法 (内 )物权的核心。创设所用权具有重大的理论意义和实践意义 ,因为这是在财富创造的竞争中赋予人们一种新的权利并使之得到法制的保障 ,这有利于我们坚持“发展才是硬道理”的原则 ,从而把我国的经济建设搞得更好     

论法律制度的有效性与公民守法意识的内在关联

当国家法律制度创建时,就意味着法律制度自身所内蕴的法权要求、追求的价值目标以及为社会主体设定的行为模式等应该转变为社会现实,而且也只有当这些应然要求转变为社会现实,法律制度才能是有效的。法律制度的有效性取决于多方面的因素,其中与该国家公民的守法状况有着深刻的内在关联。因为法律制度高效实现离不开公民对法律的自觉遵守,而公民对法律的自觉遵守又是以公民的守法意识为主观心理基础。由此可见,公民的普遍守法既是法律制度高效实现的表现,也是法律制度高效实现的重要条件之一。为此,我们必须大力培养公民的自觉守法意识,以形成公民对法律的的普遍信仰和自觉遵守。     

Development of the Mental Illness and Disorder Understanding Scale

Abstract: Although administrative bodies such as community health centers have implemented various awareness campaigns to promote community understanding of mental health and to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness and disorder, there have been few reports that have quantitatively analyzed the effects of these campaigns in Japan. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of developing the evaluative “Mental Illness and Disorder Understanding Scale (MIDUS)” for awareness campaigns and assessing its reliability and validity. A survey was conducted on 1 004 community residents using a self‐administered questionnaire. An assessment of the reliability and validity of the scale was then conducted. The Cronbach a coefficient of the MIDUS was 0.78, thus indicating adequate reliability. Factor analysis of the MIDUS revealed three factors: “Treatability of illness”, “Efficacy of medication” and “Social recognition of illness”. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the MIDUS and existing scales, and fixed criterion‐based validity was demonstrated. The MIDUS utilizes items worded in the form of affirmative expressions so as to avoid promoting new bias. It was confirmed to be both reliable and valid, thereby suggesting its usefulness as an evaluative scale of awareness campaigns.     

公共决策的民主化与执政能力的提高

执政党的主要行为表现为制定政策,而连接政党和群众的一个重要纽带就是公共政策。可以说,政党执政能力的高低,在某种程度上取决于政策制定的好坏。民主化作为一个国家和民族政治文明程度的重要标尺,政策的民主化对于执政党显得尤为重要,本文从公共决策民主化的角度来探讨对于政党执政能力提高的重要意义。     

断章取义:意义生成机制合法性的维系

本文从三个方面"对断章取义"的意义生成机制的合法性予以简要维护。一、依据哲学阐释学理论",前理解"的存在是阐释者不可逃避的宿命所在,因"而此非诗人之情,而引诗者之情也"也即"断章取义"式理解应当是合法的。二、从语义学角度来讲",断章取义""之取"的主要诉求乃为当下的交流效果,只要能够达到此一目的,即"有断章取义而理可通者"那么我们就应当说它是合法的。三、从互文性角度来审视",断之于彼,而无损于此"此一命题已经表明对于《诗》的断章取义其意义生成也应当是合法的。     

深化人事制度改革 有效开发高校人力资源

高校人事制度改革对高校人力资源开发具有重要作用.深化人事制度改革,有效开发高校人力资源是高校的重要任务.