Employment and filial relations: Is there a conflict?

Since children, particularly daughters, are among the most important sources of help and support for older Americans, it has been suggested that women's increasing employment will affect filial relations. Empirical evidence on this issue is inconsistent, in part due to the use of nonprobability samples. Few studies have measured effects for men. We attempt to broaden the scope of this question beyond help to the frail elderly by asking whether employment affects filial relations in general. We examine effects of hours employed on telephone contact, visiting, feelings of closeness, filial attitudes, and assistance to biological parents, for an area probability sample of men and women over 40. There are no effects of employment for men or women on contact, closeness, or assistance. For the vast majority of this population sample, contact and assistance involve few hours per week, and thus do not seem to conflict with employment.     

Piety over Protest: Cognitive Liberation and Deflected Collective Action in Central India

Cognitive liberation is often treated in the social movements literature as a mediating factor through which political opportunities and mobilizing structures generate protest. This paper unpacks multiple dimensions of cognitive liberation and finds that they may operate in tension with one another. Building on scholarship that focuses on subjective factors in social movements, the paper examines the case of the Korku, an oppressed indigenous community in central India, who choose not to protest despite the presence of several dimensions of cognitive liberation. Rather than engage in collective political action, the Korku’s grievances are deflected toward depoliticized religious goals. The Korku seek communal improvement through Hindu piety in a context of the Hindutva cultural-nationalist ideology, rather than protest against the encroachment of this ideology on their community.     

新型农村社区建设中孝道的缺失与重建

孝道是中华民族优良的传统道德准则,是养老敬老的前提和基础.随着农村社区的的不断发展和农业生产方式的改变,孝道的维持机制失去了效力,乡村孝道的评价标准变得功利化和理性化.为了解决新型农村社区建设中出现的养老问题,要对我国传统孝道进行重新解析和定位,转变孝道关系双方的观念,实现公众舆论的正确引导和监督作用.     

Intergenerational relationships in Chinese transnational families: A typology study

ABSTRACT

Using latent class analysis, this study examined the overall patterns of multifaceted intergenerational relationships of 604 parent-child dyads in 292 transnational families in Beijing, China. Three family relation types emerged: local obligatory (27%, with reciprocal support and ambivalent feelings), distant discordant (27%, with weak associations and high conflict), and distant intimate (46%, with highest filial ratings and emotional quality). Parents’ health and children’s marital status, socioeconomic status, childcare responsibilities, and sibling numbers were associated with different relation types. The findings are helpful for social workers to identify subgroups of older adults in transnational families who are at risk of having inadequate support.     

从中古女性墓碑文看中古女性价值观

整个中古时期的墓碑,主要以男性之碑为主。在为数不多的女性墓碑文中,又以中、上层社会妇人之碑文为多,从这些刊录中、上层社会妇人行履的墓碑文字来看,其对墓主生前价值的肯定,多称道其孝悌与持家、治家之道,其中又主要集中于孝姑与育子两个方面,而孝姑之行其源又出于育子之行。中国孝文化多讲孝母(孝姑),从中古这些女性尤其是妇人墓碑文可窥其一斑。     

试论近代中国的非孝与拥孝

孝道曾被视作天经地义。然而到了近代,特别是甲午战后,孝道开始受到人们的非议。非孝者并非反对子女对父母的敬爱,而是认为传统孝道主恩,使子女丧失独立人格;孝道造成了中国家族本位,不利于培养公民的国家意识;孝道中的亲亲原则,不利于建立法治国家;孝道中的移忠作孝,成为帝王专制主义的基础。他们主张父母子女的关系应该建立在爱与平等的基础上,父慈子孝应该是对应的。而拥孝者则认为孝道是道德的本源与起点,孝道的根本精神在于珍重生命,激发人们爱与感恩的情感。父慈子孝是道德义务,而非对应的权利。正因如此,就不应该因为传统孝道中的一些偏颇,或被帝王利用,就根本否定孝道。     

弘扬传统孝道文化,关注农村养老问题

传统孝道的道德内涵,如养亲、敬亲等规定,是传统孝道文化中的道德精华;传统孝道的推广手段,如宣传教化、榜样引导、以法助孝、以政保孝是行之有效的道德教化手段。在解决当前农村养老问题时,应该继承和借鉴传统孝道文化中的优秀道德资源。     

张载对孝悌思想的发展及其启示

孝悌是"仁"的根本和基础。北宋思想家张载对"孝悌"思想作了重要发展:首先,把天地当作父母,把所有的人和万物都当作兄弟和朋友;其次,把孝悌由一种品德提升为一种精神修养。张载对传统孝悌思想的发展具有深刻的启示:提升道德修养和精神境界需要从孝悌开始,同时需要具备感恩和移情能力。     

从儒家的孝慈观看现代社会父子之伦的模式改塑

我国传统文化中以儒家孝道慈观为核心的封建孝道思想内容丰富 ,源远流长 ,强调子孝是封建孝道的主要特色之一。在人类即将跨入新世纪的关头 ,面对逐步转型的社会 ,认真分析封建孝道的精华与糟粕 ,我们认为从适应未来社会生活和缓解现代社会家庭人伦冲突出发 ,通过对养育子女人伦观和赡养人伦观的改塑 ,建立以父慈为核心的家庭人伦观 ,唤起对未来家庭人伦观的伦理警觉 ,无疑具有明显的现代意义     

孝道文化对构建和谐社会的意义

孝道文化是中华民族文化的精华.在坚持科学发展观、推进精神文明建设和构建社会主义和谐社会的今天,尤其是在我国进入人口老龄化的形势下,继承和弘扬孝亲的传统美德,赋予孝道文化以时代精神,具有十分重要的意义.