Determinants of housing quality: A comparison of white,African-American,and Hispanic single-parent women

This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts. Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups. African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction with their housing. Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.”     

在美术教学中培养学生的创新能力

本文对美术教育加强学生创新能力培养的相关问题加以论述。     

家访：“家校”合作的最佳切入点

家访是密切学校教育和家庭教育关系的一种有效的教育手段 ,也是“家校”合作的最佳切入点。它具有协调各方面要求、促进良好师生关系形成、激发学生学习的信心和动力以及为因材施教提供条件等多方面的教育功能。因而应在教师中大力倡导并认真实施。     

浅谈中外合作办学学校需妥善处理的三方面关系

中外合作办学是中国教育国际化战略的重大探索,也是一项教育系统工程。中外合作办学学校作为教育实施的主体,妥善处理与政府教育主管部门、学生及其家长、行业中介组织的关系,是学校健康和谐发展的关键。学校要在政府的宏观调控下承担教育主体的责任;维护受教育者权益,创建学校的教育品牌;并注意适当发挥行业中介的作用。     

Employment and filial relations: Is there a conflict?

Since children, particularly daughters, are among the most important sources of help and support for older Americans, it has been suggested that women's increasing employment will affect filial relations. Empirical evidence on this issue is inconsistent, in part due to the use of nonprobability samples. Few studies have measured effects for men. We attempt to broaden the scope of this question beyond help to the frail elderly by asking whether employment affects filial relations in general. We examine effects of hours employed on telephone contact, visiting, feelings of closeness, filial attitudes, and assistance to biological parents, for an area probability sample of men and women over 40. There are no effects of employment for men or women on contact, closeness, or assistance. For the vast majority of this population sample, contact and assistance involve few hours per week, and thus do not seem to conflict with employment.     

农村幼儿园运用家庭和社区资源的纵向调查——以我国西部S省为例

家庭和社区参与的高质量学前教育是乡村振兴计划的基础。通过对我国西部S省农村地区的两次实地调查发现,受该地区园所特点、教育政策和传统观念等的影响,农村地区幼儿园运用家庭和社区资源总体较低但也有所改善,对家庭资源的运用高于社区资源,对社区历史文化资源的运用较为薄弱。基于此结果提出了运用家庭和社区资源是农村幼儿园发展的必然选择;利用政策杠杆发掘农村地区家庭和社区资源;职后培训提高农村幼儿园教师运用家庭和社区资源的实效性等建议。     

The concept of family: Perspectives of Spanish young people in foster care

This article employs concepts from family sociology to explore how ‘family’ is conceptualised in 14 life narratives of young people in foster care in Spain. The article draws on a multi-method approach with young people who are in long-term non-kinship foster care. Seven girls and seven boys aged 10 to 22 took part in the study. The empirical material reveals an interplay between biological preference and foster family affective practices in young people's narratives, illuminating a struggle to make sense of the concept of family in foster care. Most of the participants understand family as shared affective practices sustained through love, commitment, consistent care and reciprocity rather than blood ties. Some show a preference for biological connectivity, while others describe family as determined by rituals and family displays. The key practice implications highlight the importance helping young people positioning themselves in birth family relationships, and supporting their sense of family belonging.     

Improving outcomes for children in out‐of‐home care: the role of therapeutic foster care

How best to support children and young people in foster care remains a challenge for child welfare. There has been little Australian research on the outcomes for children and young people placed in therapeutic foster care (TFC). This article aims to address this knowledge gap, presenting the evaluation of a state‐wide model of TFC known as the Circle Program operating in Victoria, Australia. Data sources for the study were case assessment analysis; surveys of foster carers, program workers and other stakeholders in the sector; and both focus groups and individual interviews with foster care workers. The evaluation found that the Circle Program lessened the number of unplanned exits of children from foster placements compared with generalist foster care. Another important finding was that the Circle Program positively influenced foster carers' decisions to stay in the carer role. Key components perceived as contributing to outcomes of the Circle Program included enhanced training of foster carers, intensive carer support, specialist therapeutic support to the child and carer, therapeutic service to family members and a network of services to provide support to the child.     

代际关系的影响因素及如何建立正向的代际关系

本文宗旨是如何建立成年子女和老年父母之间正向的代际关系并增强代际间的相互理解。讨论了影响代际关系的因素。家庭趋势的变动对老年人照料提出了挑战。这些发现使未来老年父母一代的前景堪忧 ,例如他们经历了更高的离婚率 ,因此可能会对来自公共和社会保险项目的支持产生更多需求。成年子女和老年父母之间亲密感情和冲突的并存使代际关系变得很复杂。本文最后探讨了如何建立正向的代际关系     

年轻夫妇“两头走”——乡村家庭权力结构变迁的新现象

近年来,年轻夫妇“两头走”这一新型家庭居住模式逐渐在鄂西农村变得普遍起来。通过实地调查着重分析了这种物理空间意义上的居住模式重塑的微观家庭权力结构,进而探讨家庭成员间的权利义务关系的变迁。不同于传统从父居模式下的以男方父代家庭与年轻夫妇为主、女方父代家庭较为次要的主次型家庭权力结构,两头走的婚居模式形塑的家庭权力结构为男女双方父代家庭与年轻夫妇的三角平等结构。这对我们认识当下的代际关系与养老、年轻人的独立等问题有着现实意义。