从主权国家的兴衰看权力博弈形态的转型

传统的国际关系理论,无论是现实主义、自由主义、建构主义还是科学行为主义理论,都是把主权国家抽象成一个统一的国际关系行为体。这一行为主体有一致的利益,也自然要有一致的对外政策目标和手段。在20世纪,尤其是在两次世界大战和冷战期间,这一概念抽象是非常准确的。但冷战结束以后,尤其是进入21世纪以后,这一概念抽象逐渐与国际关系的现实相违背。一方面,国家综合实力并不能直接转化为具体领域的竞争优势;另一方面,很多国家,包括超级大国在内,其对外政策的主要阻力可能不是所谓的竞争对手,而是其国内不同的利益集团。这导致传统的国际关系理论,从假设到概念和推理层面,都已经无法解释和预测今天的世界,而权力小博弈理论可以为认识多元复杂互动博弈时代的国际关系提供一个新的解释框架。     

Having it all overseas: Aid workers and the international division of reproductive labour

This article examines the dynamics of power and privilege at work in international development through the prism of domestic service for expat aid workers in developing countries. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork amid aid workers and their domestic staff in Dakar, Senegal, I argue that access to affordable care work greatly enhances the lives of women who work overseas in development. The postcolonial underdevelopment and poverty that aid work addresses is paradoxically critical to the aid workers' own access to affordable care, family balance and the means to do their jobs. I put this insight into the larger scholarly conversation about domestic work and global inequality, including on the Global Care Chain.     

Planning Strategically or by the Book?—Contentious Land Use Planning in South-eastern Finland

The debate on strategic spatial planning highlights the limitations of statutory land use planning in weighing up future options for spatial development, particularly in instances of rapid change. This paper draws on this debate in order to analyse planning institutions and practices in Finland. The case in point is the south-eastern border region where interdependencies with Russia, particularly shopping tourism, have created pressures on land use and led to contentious planning processes between regional and central levels of government. It is argued that, in the absence of cross-border spatial co-ordination, there is a need to establish links between regional land use planning and visions of spatial scenarios in the national context.     

对区域高等教育战略规划的若干思考--基于《加利福尼亚州高等教育总体规划（1960-1975）》的分析

《加利福尼亚州高等教育总体规划（1960—1975）》是区域高等教育战略规划领域的成功范例，规划内容通过州宪法性效力、州法律法规性效力以及行业约定性效力三种形式发挥作用。准确把握关键问题、秉持院校自治理念、深入开展调研等做法值得借鉴。我国区域高等教育机遇与挑战并存，教育规划应当坚持治理理念、以人为本理念和系统论理念，对区域高校定位作出合理预期与安排，引导区域高等教育健康和谐发展。     

Institutional evolution and abrupt change: Reforming the administration of social assistance in Finland

Historical institutionalist studies have explained institutional change as resulting from critical junctures that interrupt long periods of stability or from endogenous, incremental evolution. Building on these theories, discursive institutionalists have focused on the roles of agency, ideas and discourse as explainers of change. Combining these approaches, this article analyses Finland’s decision in 2014 to transfer the administration of basic social assistance from municipalities to the central government. This study demonstrates that institutional change can be both abrupt and evolutionary. Due to sudden, exceptional political circumstances, the decision in question was made quickly and under pressure, circumventing possible veto players. However, it was possible only because of the incremental, endogenous change that had occurred in the way in which social assistance was administered at the municipal level. It enabled a change in political discourse, which eroded the credibility of the ideational frames that policy actors had previously utilised to reject the centralised model.     

信息时代国际传播的控制:从管制到治理

以数字化和网络化为标志的信息技术革命使国际传播环境发生了很大变化,也使得民族国家的传播管制面临挑战,而把治理的理念引入国际传播领域,有助于探索在信息技术革命条件下国际传播管理的新途径。国际传播控制从管制到治理,实际是对国际传播秩序的改造和完善:从参与的主体看,承担维持国际传播秩序任务的既有政府组织,也有非政府组织、跨国公司、私人企业、利益集团和社会运动团体等;从治理内容看,于侧重意识形态之外,又加入了保护民族文化、维护本国经济利益等新内容;从范围上说,它已不限于领土范围之内,而是积极参与国际传播领域的合作,以建立有利于完成国内传播控制目的的国际传播环境。     

上海辐射与苏南地区思想观念嬗变的动因分析

从上海辐射的角度考察苏南地区思想观念嬗变的主要原因 ,有经济基础、文化教育和科学知识三个方面。上海买办地位的转变 ,说明经济基础在观念变迁中的重要作用 ,由此导致上海和苏南地区人们的思想观念向重商重利转变。随着近代教育在上海成为时尚 ,苏南地区的近代教育也日渐兴起 ,新式学堂具有重视传播科学知识和培养创新精神、注重塑造民族精神、宣传男女平等等特征 ,有助于苏南地区思想观念的变革。上海开埠后 ,介绍西方科学知识的书籍首先从这一窗口流向内地 ,苏南地区作为桥头堡而得其先 ,在译介中发挥了重要作用。     

全球化与武术文化世界化发展

全球化不仅仅局限于经济领域,还包括政治、军事、文化等领域,它实质是以西方发达资本主义国家集团为主导的,西方强势文化利用其资本、技术和市场优势对其他弱势文化的渗入、控制或强制“输出”。在西方“文明示范”面前,“拿来”的精神气魄固然重要,但“拿出”也同样不容忽视。当前,武术世界化发展过程中存在着过分偏重武术技术的推广和交流,而轻视武术文化的传播。因此,我们要把握全球化为武术文化世界化发展提供的历史契机,“推武术以布中外,敷文化以及四方。”     

利益相关者理论及其对战略管理的启示

利益相关者理论将对企业的战略管理产生深远的影响。企业应重新定位组织与环境的关系,并将利益相关者关系看作是竞争优势的新来源,从而变革战略理念和战略行动。     

陕西县域经济发展战略模式研究

陕西和东部地区的经济发展差距主要是县域经济落后,因此,结合陕西各地的资源禀赋和经济发展水平,依据县域经济发展战略模式的一般理论,陕西各县域应分别选择城郊型、平原型、资源型和山区型四种不同的县域经济发展战略模式。