彩票的法学解析

彩票是国家为筹集社会公益资金而发行的供人们自愿购买并据以取得获奖机会的凭证。汇集闲散资金,造福社会公益事业,是彩票的本质特征,也是彩票的道德生命和法律生命所在。彩票具有国家性、财产性、合同性、社会性等法律性质。彩票运作中包含着多重法律关系,其核心问题是发行人与购彩人之间的权利、义务如何配置。     

An investigation of the endowment effect in the context of a college housing lottery

The endowment effect was examined in a two-part study in the context of a college housing lottery. Students who were awarded their first choice of residence hall were asked the lowest dollar amount they would be willing to accept (WTA) to give up their first choice hall whereas students who were denied their first choice were asked the highest dollar amount they would be willing to pay (WTP) to obtain their first choice. Results from the initial assessment showed the presence of the endowment effect regarding students’ valuation of their first choice residence hall immediately after the housing lottery (i.e., WTA price was significantly higher than WTP price). The follow-up surveyed participants from the initial assessment who responded when contacted a second time after they had experienced two months of life in the residence hall they were awarded in the lottery. Results from the follow-up showed that the endowment effect was still present after experiencing life in the residence hall. Moreover, further analyses revealed that the endowment effect was, in fact, enhanced after the living experience. These findings demonstrate that within the context of a housing lottery, a highly-valued commodity, long-term experiences substantially increase the magnitude of the endowment effect, even when controlling for other factors that have been shown to impact this effect.     

博彩者特征和彩票功能悖论

一些经济学理论认为理性的人可能在一定情形下因偏好风险而参加博彩,而一些心理学实验研究则发现博彩者可能存在系统性的心理偏误。对理论的分析发现,彩票对穷人更具有吸引力且博彩者存在非理性心理。国内实证文献也支持这两个结论。如果博彩行为是非理性行为,那么博彩业就有利用人们非理性幼稚心理牟利的嫌疑。政府宣称发行彩票的目的是筹集资金用于社会公益事业,这就形成了一个悖论,即从贫穷群体那里筹集资金来改善他们的处境。     

投资者彩票偏好对股票价格行为的影响研究

首次使用百度搜索指数来度量我国股市投资者的彩票偏好程度,并从市场整体层面研究了投资者彩票偏好对股市收益及其波动的影响.分析了和彩票销售数据的相关性,结果表明彩票偏好指数是有效的.随后使用巨潮系列规模指数进行实证研究后发现:投资者彩票偏好会显著降低滞后1期的股市收益率,这种影响在中、小盘股票中体现得尤为明显;对波动率的影响方面,彩票偏好会显著降低小盘股的当期波动率,并且这种影响主要是通过移动端体现出来的,表明不同端口投资者的彩票偏好对股票价格行为的影响存在异质性.使用上证A股系列指数进行的稳健性检验发现实证结果是基本一致的.     

乐透型彩票设计合理性的数学分析

研究了基本乐透型彩票类型的管理模型，根据概率论公式计算出获得各种奖项的可能性、并利用剩余奖金金额、彩票的吸引力等指标评价了彩票设计方案的合理性，推算出彩票发行部门收益最高的选号范围。     

试论中国近代官督商办彩票——以晚清江南义赈彩票为中心的探讨

随着舶来品吕宋票退出晚清彩票市场,其所留下的市场空间吸引了众多彩票商的觊觎。江南义赈彩票得两江总督禀请,获硃批准开,享六年专利,开中国近代官督商办彩票之先河。江南义赈彩票虽然企图利用官方的保护实现对彩票市场的垄断,但是,其销售额度的变化也深受社会时局的影响,并最终为官办彩票所取代。     

彩票立法问题研究

我国现行彩票立法的相对滞后和监管不力,造成彩票业各种法律纠纷不断出现,信誉降低。为维护彩民的合法权益以及促进彩票业的健康发展,制定与颁布《彩票法》已刻不容缓。彩票的立法应借鉴西方发达国家的先进立法经验,将《彩票法》设计为彩票法律子体系中的核心法律、彩票领域的基本法律。     

Structural Characteristics of Video Lotteries: Effects of a Stopping Device on Illusion of Control and Gambling Persistence

Two studies investigated the effects of a video lottery terminal stopping device on gamblers thoughts and behavior. This structural characteristic allows players to voluntarily stop the spinning of the reels. The first study investigated the effect of this device on the development of illusions of control. It was predicted that players using the stopping device would believe that (1) symbols displayed could differ depending on when the game is stopped, (2) there is a possibility of controlling the outcome of the game, (3) skills may be a factor influencing the results, and finally (4) a stopping device would improve the probability of personal success (i.e., developing the illusion of control). The second study aimed to further evaluate the effects of the stopping device on gambling behavior. It was hypothesised that using the stopping device would encourage players to increase the number of games played in a session. Results confirmed all predictions and showed that offering a stopping device on video lottery terminals modifies gamblers cognition and behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed in the context of responsible gambling policies.     

The Relationship Between Weight and Career Payoffs Among Women

The thesis that weight affects women's life chances for reaching high-status, white-collar jobs is tested with survey data gathered from a large aerospace organization (N = 306). It is hypothesized that women who are at or below their desirable weight will have higher incomes and occupational positions than women who are overweight, with human capital variables controlled. It is further hypothesized that weight will be most related to occupational position in male-dominated occupations and in occupations that involve frequent contact outside the firm. Results show that weight is related to income, but only at entry-level professional/managerial occupations. Weight is significantly related to occupational position, especially so in male-dominated occupations. Weight is not more strongly related to occupational position in jobs involving outside contact. Findings are consistent with the interpretation that discrimination based on weight in the general society extends to the inner workings of workplace organizations.     

试论中国近代官督商办彩票——以晚清江南义赈彩票为中心的探讨

随着舶来品吕宋票退出晚清彩票市场,其所留下的市场空间吸引了众多彩票商的觊觎。江南义赈彩票得两江总督禀请,获硃批准开,享六年专利,开中国近代官督商办彩票之先河。江南义赈彩票虽然企图利用官方的保护实现对彩票市场的垄断,但是,其销售额度的变化也深受社会时局的影响,并最终为官办彩票所取代。