茫茫大海中的"雄狮"--试论《老人与海》中"硬汉"形象的创新性及哲理内涵

美国著名作家海明威在<老人与海>中突破了早期和中期小说中更多从体力强悍、胆魄过人等外在性格特点对人物的描写,而从年老体衰、拼搏与失败、丰富的内心世界、"群狮"的梦等视角创造了桑提亚哥"硬汉"的形象,极具创新性;对大海、作为审美对象和征服的对手马林鱼、给人类带来厄运的鲨鱼以及作为基督化身的桑提亚哥等艺术形象的创作折射出作品所包蕴的哲学内涵,具有深刻的象征意义.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.