The Rules of (Dis)engagement: Black Youth and Their Strategies for Navigating Police Contact

Prior work on youth–police relations examines young people's general perceptions of the police, their differential treatment by police officers, and officers' discretion in dealing with youth. Yet researchers have largely neglected the question of how young people attempt to shape these encounters. I address this critical gap, while also incorporating the experiences of “on track” youth and young women—two groups that are not exempt from police contact but traditionally ignored in the youth–police literature. Drawing on semistructured group and individual interviews with 19 black young people in New York City, I investigate the strategies they employ or subscribe to in navigating police contact. Three types of strategies emerged from my analysis: avoidance, management, and symbolic resistance. Avoidance strategies are marked by young people's attempts to preemptively steer clear of officers on the street. Management strategies are employed by young people during police encounters to limit risk or harm, while symbolic resistance is a subtle tactic used by some youth to preserve their dignity in these interactions. This study also considers the gender differences in respondents' approaches and offers new insights into how they assess their police interactions in an era of highly publicized incidents of police brutality.     

基于HHM-RFRM的船舶航行风险评估方法研究

船舶航行风险是由各种风险因素交互作用产生。综合 HHM-RFRM 理论，构建船舶航行多维风险情景危险度测度模型，以风险因素耦合视角探讨船舶航行风险管理问题。在船舶航行多维风险情景危险度测度模型中结合贝叶斯定理，对船舶航行风险情景进行了定性与定量化过滤、评级。最后以大连港某从事商务活动的货船为例，验证了所提出方法的可行性。传统的风险评估方法只能评估单个风险因素对系统的影响，此评估方法克服了这一局限性，为船舶航行风险管理提供新的视角。     

“重陆轻海”与“通洋裕国”之海洋观刍议

明清两朝正处于世界性海洋历史发展的"千古变局"时代,但统治者沿袭传统模式,在立国思想上"重农抑商"、"重陆轻海",在国防战略上以"禁海"代替海防,禁海迁界、"守土防御",反映其海洋观念的淡薄;而东南沿海地方官员,尤其郑成功"通洋裕国"思想的提出和实践,显露出"以商立国",向海洋空间发展的意涵;传统时代"重陆轻海"与"通洋裕国"所反映的海洋观念,对国家民族发展的影响在某种程度上可以忽略不计,但大航海时代,海洋作为人类的第二生存空间影响到世界历史走向和发展格局时,"重陆轻海"观念所带来的深层影响会因此而改变国家和民族的命运。     

Navigating the migration industry: migrants moving through an African-European web of facilitation/control

ABSTRACT

This paper approaches the African-European migration industry as a complex web of relations in which different actors liaise, objectives oppose each other, and roles overlap. Starting from this notion, the question emerges: How do migrants navigate this fuzzy web of migration facilitation/control? To answer this question, this paper uses a ‘trajectory ethnography’ that follows the im/mobility processes of migrants from West – and Central Africa to, and inside, Europe. In so doing, it particularly focuses on two practices that are related to the concept of social navigation. First, it concerns débrouillardise, a term that points to the power of improvisation, creativity and hustling. Second, it regards social negotiation, a term referring to the process of how migrants ‘massage’ their relations with important actors in the field. The findings stress the relational dimension of the migration industry in the sense that the functioning of one actor depends so much on the intentions and efforts of others. I conclude that we could enhance our knowledge on migration industries with studies that constantly shift between the perspective of the migrant, the social network, the facilitator and controller. Such a dynamic approach unpacks further the multiple efforts that produce migrant im/mobility.     

分布式室内移动机器人的定位与导航

针对当前移动机器人定位与导航成本较高的问题,提出了一种低成本、高性能的分布式导航方案。以性价比较 高的RPLIDAR激光传感器为核心,采用分布式软件的设计思想,设计了传感器的软件接口;采用DWA方法进行局部路 径规划。设计实现了移动机器人的定位与导航。实验结果表明该方案具有可行性与高效性。     

球载捷联惯性/GPS组合导航系统及动态对准技术

为了实现系留气球载雷达系统天线的空域稳定,球载航姿系统是不可缺少的重要设备.文中阐述了用捷联惯性/全球定位系统组合导航系统实现球载航姿系统的设计技术,针对系留气球平台系统在空中漂浮不定的特点,提出了在动态条件下,小型系留气球载捷联惯性/GPS组合导航系统的对准技术.     

大学图书馆Web站点导航调研与设计

大学图书馆Web站点导航是充分利用网站资源、正确引导用户为其提供有效信息的最佳工具,是快速查找站内外信息的蜜钥。论文采用网上调查分析与综合的方法,从大学图书馆Web站点四种导航方式入手,对国内外10所不同层次大学图书馆Web站点导航实践进行分析,发现国内大学图书馆Web站点导航存在专业术语不规范、导航元素不齐备、分类存在交迭性、导航菜单布局设计、位置设计不合理等问题,最后针对导航的深度和广度、导航菜单的布局设计等方面提出可操作性的建议。     

Uprooted belonging: the formation of a ‘Jumma Diaspora’ in New York City

A growing number of so-called indigenous ‘Jumma’ people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh are migrating to New York City (NYC) in search of a ‘better life’, an attempt to escape from a situation defined largely by deprivation and exclusion. This paper asks how these migrants navigate the new terrain, which often does not comply with their expectations but instead fuels a deep sense of disappointment. It will be shown that their transnational practices and belonging are not only extensions of the global ‘Jumma’ network, but also that the formation of a diaspora community and the maintenance of cultural boundaries simultaneously create attachment to NYC. Making NYC a home is shaped by their dreams and aspirations, and by the ambiguous ways in which they relate to both the CHT and NYC, places where they find themselves torn between feelings of longing and detachment.     

论普陀山南海观音之形成

普陀山南海观音源自古印度南滨海,经由斯里兰卡等南海诸国传入.南海观音在民间被普遍视为"慈航普渡"、"救苦救难"的海上保护神,其形成与航海关系密切.由于普陀山具备了对外交流的地域与人文优势,故南海观音在魏晋之际已有流布迹象,并于南朝萧梁时期成形.     

一种新的智能内窥镜导航系统

本文介绍了一种新的智能内窥镜导航系统。该系统用于实现内窥镜的智能导航介入。其中导航方法是基于视觉传感器和触觉传感器的多信息融合的方法。在视觉传感器中采用了一种基于自适应阈值图像分割算法的寻径方法,该方法采用加速的最大类间方差法进行阈值分割。在触觉传感器中采用了基于MEMS技术的硅微触觉传感器,四个硅微触觉传感器被封装在内窥镜头部表面,可以获得内窥镜头部全方向的压力。本文通过实验验证了该导航系统的可行性及可靠性,该方法的应用弥补了传统方法中因暗区不明显而无法引导内窥镜的不足,提高了内窥镜导航的精度和可靠性。