Changes in work and care trajectories during the transition to motherhood

In most mid- and high-income countries, there have been significant demographic, structural, and cultural changes in the past decades. However, we know little about how these changes have shaped women's work patterns during a key life stage: the transition to motherhood. Using longitudinal data from Chile, covering over 30 years of employment histories and three periods of first births (1980–2010), I conduct sequence analysis to identify women's work-care trajectories during an eight-year period of the transition to motherhood. Over time, I find that continuous care work at home has declined, for which education plays a key role, while the chances of working continuously have not changed over time. Instead, I find an increasing trend of unsteady paths that combine paid work with either caretaking or unemployment. I discuss how these changes, as well as their association with education, have important implications for both gender and social inequality.     

赫胥黎的完全人教育论

本文较系统地介绍和分析了赫胥黎关于完全人的教育理论 ,认为赫氏的完全人理论的核心就是强调科学教育与人文教育的结合 ,从而达到科学精神与人文精神在个体心灵上的融合。文章的最后分析了赫胥黎培养完全人的方法 ,这对于今天我国的高等学校的教学改革具有重要的启发意义     

关于加强高校美育的思考

当今高校美育现状令人忧虑，忽视美育或美育推行不力是高校教育的普遍现象。如何在全面素质教育中实施美育，是一个系统的繁杂工程。本文认为，应通过对美学知识类课程的设置、美育专业人才的培养、高校教师的美育教化功能的强化等方面来推行美育教育，并通过校园的艺术生活、自然美默化作用及其他美育形式来实施美育。     

论民事证据法上的诚信原则

诚信原则在民法与民事诉讼法上具有十分重要的地位,其在民事证据法领域的适用在最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》中有所体现。现行立法关于举证时限与证据失权、证人真实义务、举证责任分配与证据审查判断的相关规则在一定程度上体现了诚信原则之精神,但远非完善。为了促进民事司法公正与效率的实现,不仅应该确立诚信原则在立法上的原则地位,而且要将其转化为可以操作的具体规范,以建立完善的诚信规则体系。     

完善国有企业公司制改造,确保所有者权益

完善国有企业公司制改造,是在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中具有重要理论和实践意义的问题,就目前状况看,我国国有企业在建立与完善现代企业制度中还存在着一些问题,需要分析现代公司制不完善的原因,这对构建规范高效的现代公司制度具有重要的现实意义。     

论中国实施战略性贸易政策的必要性及可能性

中国现行的“有管理的贸易自由化”阻碍了产业结构的优化,有必要实施战略性贸易政策。目前,中国实施战略性贸易政策的内部及外部约束条件已经可以得到满足,如中国可以充分利用WTO各项协议的例外条款和对发展中国家的特殊待遇,另外,中国也可以逐步满足不完全竞争市场结构与规模经济效应条件以及良好的市场经济运行体制条件。     

企业内部控制制度的完善

文章从企业内部控制制度存在的问题入手,分析了加强和完善企业内部控制制度的主要内容,并提出了保证内部控制制度贯彻落实的主要措施.     

Bayesian locally optimal design of knockout tournaments

The elimination or knockout format is one of the most common designs for pairing competitors in tournaments and leagues. In each round of a knockout tournament, the losers are eliminated while the winners advance to the next round. Typically, the goal of such a design is to identify the overall best player. Using a common probability model for expressing relative player strengths, we develop an adaptive approach to pairing players each round in which the probability that the best player advances to the next round is maximized. We evaluate our method using simulated game outcomes under several data-generating mechanisms, and compare it to random pairings, to the standard knockout format, and to two variants of the standard format.     

论刑罚个别化原则的根基和属性——一种多视角的分析与考察

近年我国刑法学界,刑罚个别化原则正日益引起学者的广泛关注和深入研究.刑罚个别化原则有其内在的合理根基它在方法论基础上得益于近代犯罪学对刑法学的推动;在伦理内涵方面体现了人性关怀;在价值追求中实现了公正圆满.刑罚个别化原则不仅仅是一个量刑原则或刑法原则,而且是一个重要的刑事政策原则.     

The Romance of Surrogacy1

This article seeks to demonstrate and analyze the cultural and emotional work surrogate mothers collectively engage in on the largest surrogacy support website, http://www.surromomsonline.com . Surrogate mothers’ online stories and discussions frame contract surrogacy as a “labor of love.” Women often describe their surrogacy as a “journey” of shared love; they hope for a lasting relationship with the couple they carry for. This article explores how the language of love, learned and internalized through online communication with other surrogates, creates both a cultural conceptualization of surrogacy and a ground for action. Love and altruistic giving are consistent with close interpersonal rather than market relationships; surrogates hope for a long‐term friendship with their couple. Surrogacy journeys, however, not infrequently end in disappointment; surrogates feel betrayed when couples cut ties. As a result of collective learning, surrogates’ discussions increasingly articulate the position that love, even when unreciprocated, can lead to repeated giving; love is noble and ennobling. Surrogates find appreciation and support in their online surrogacy community where they agree that giving life is a moral good. This stance has contributed to a renewed enthusiasm to bear children for others.