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1.
Yutaka Nakamura 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1993,6(1):33-48
This article is concerned with thresholds of discrimination of preference judgments under uncertainty. We establish an axiomatic characterization for a threshold representation, where thresholds are represented by inexact measurement of subjective probabilities, i.e., upper and lower probabilities. Since upper and lower probabilities need not be additive, the representational form adopts the Choquet integration. 相似文献
2.
张丽艳 《辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,4(1):4-6
改革开放以来 ,我国在分配制度上一直坚持“效率优先 ,兼顾公平”的原则 ,坚持这一原则 ,是社会主义本质的要求 ,是符合我国社会主义初级阶段国情的。世纪之初 ,在贯彻实施“十五”计划的新时期 ,我们仍需继续坚持这一分配原则。 相似文献
3.
Bertram I. Spector 《Theory and Decision》1993,34(3):183-199
The family of decision analysis techniques can be applied effectively to support practical negotiators in international settings. These techniques are most appropriate in support of the prenegotiation phase, when parties are diagnosing the situation, assessing their own plans and strategies, and evaluating likely reactions and outcomes. The paper identifies how these approaches have and can be used to assist negotiation practitioners, offers a rationale for the application of decision analytic approaches in terms of the particular analytical requirements of the prenegotiation period, suggests how these process-oriented tools can be integrated with substantive tools, and discusses ways in which these tools can be presented and delivered to practitioners in a practical and confidence-building manner. 相似文献
4.
从农业生产主体的比较利益与经营风险分析入手,对农业市场化过程中信贷资金效用进行了深入研究,并针对我国农业经济发展的现状,提出了有关我国农业信贷资金体系建设以及农业生产资源配置等项工作的若干意见和建议。 相似文献
5.
盛四化 《西安石油大学学报(社会科学版)》2003,12(3):17-20
由于公用企业的特殊性,反垄断法一直对公用企业不适用。但是,随着理论和实践的发展,公用企业受反垄断法的豁免已受到质疑。认为对公用企业无需得到反垄断的豁免,主张依据行为主义理论来对公用企业实行反垄断规制。 相似文献
6.
This paper investigates how individuals evaluate delayed outcomes with risky realization times. Under the discounted expected utility (DEU) model, such evaluations depend only on intertemporal preferences. We obtain several testable hypotheses using the DEU model as a benchmark and test these hypotheses in three experiments. In general, our results show that the DEU model is a poor predictor of intertemporal choice behavior under timing risk. We found that individuals are averse to timing risk and that they evaluate timing lotteries in a rank-dependent fashion. The main driver of timing risk aversion is nothing but probabilistic risk aversion that stems from the nonlinear treatment of probabilities. 相似文献
7.
Edi Karni 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1992,5(2):107-125
This article generalizes Savage's theory to include event-dependent preferences. The state space is partitioned into finitely many events. The induced preferences over consequences are assumed independent of the underlying states within, but not across, these events. This results in an additively separable representation of preferences over acts. The dependence of the preference relation over consequences on the events is represented by event-dependent mappings of the set of consequences onto itself. Given these mappings, the preferences on acts are represented by the expectation of event-dependent utilities on the consequences with respect to unique subjective probabilities on the states.Helpful discussions with David Schmeidler are gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
8.
国际植物新品种保护的发展趋势 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
原晓爽 《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,29(3):46-53
目前,国际上对于植物新品种的保护主要采取专利保护和植物新品种保护的两种模式,美国率先给予植物新品种以专利保护,其对于国际植物新品种保护双重格局的形成具有举足轻重的作用。文章通过分析美国植物新品种保护制度对国际植物新品种保护制度的影响,论述了国际植物新品种保护的发展趋势以及我国作为发展中国家所面临的选择。 相似文献
9.
Standard decision theoretic models disregard the phenomenon of interpersonal dependency of preferences. In this paper it is argued that interpersonal dependency of preferences is a serious challenge for standard utility theory. First we sketch the more philosophical aspects of the problem and then, using a simple, formal model for the two-person case, we show that interpersonal dependency of preferences generally results in indeterminacy of preferences (resp. of subjective utility). 相似文献
10.
C. L. Sheng 《Theory and Decision》1989,26(2):175-195
This paper clarifies and interprets some basic quantitative concepts of value, utility and utility function from a utilitarian point of view. First, I discuss the question as to whether value is objective or subjective. I hold that value is subjective and statistical in nature (although from the various subjective values of a certain object a norm can usually be obtained). Second, I emphasize the distinction between use value and exchange value in relation to utility. Third, I propose a law of diminishing incremental interest, which refers to the incremental (marginal) utility of money. Fourth, I identify the utility of money with the von Neumann-Morgenstern utility. Fifth, I question the necessity of the usual normalization of utility functions and the restricted linear transformation (and the consequent concept of strategic equivalence). Sixth, I discuss in detail the terminal values and utilities of a utility function from a philosophical rather than mathematical point of view, particularly the boundedness of a utility function and the magnitudes of V
0 and U
0. Finally, I conclude that, in order to be able to have interpersonal comparisons of utility, utility should have the same dimension as value rather than no dimension, and the normalization problem should be reconsidered in the light of terminal values and utilities. 相似文献