Coping with work stress: Psychological benefits of exercise

Although the health-enhancing effects of physical exercise have been well documented, less is known about how exercise benefits stressed employees psychologically. This article examines exercise as a coping response, and identifies changes in self-schemata (a person's underlying belief systems about him or herself) as the means by which exercise affects coping resources. In addition, by drawing on schema theory and the exercise literature, the active components of an exercise programme and the individuals who might enhance their ability to cope with stress through such a programme are identified.     

The influence of risk and protective factors on burnout experienced by those who work with maltreated children

The aim of the study was to explore the degree (and type) of burnout and trauma symptoms, personal histories and coping strategies retrospectively reported by those who work with maltreated children and their families. A self‐selected sample of workers (N = 44) completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing childhood maltreatment, family background characteristics, current adjustment, coping strategies and burnout. Workers reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low to moderate sense of personal accomplishment. Family background characteristics predicted the occurrence of maltreatment and current adjustment, and a personal history of maltreatment predicted current trauma symptoms, but not burnout. Workers most frequently used problem‐focused coping strategies and sought social support; however, coping strategies were not associated with the level of either trauma symptoms or burnout. Despite employing positive coping strategies, their efficacy may be affected by other interpersonal, intra‐individual and job resource issues. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江苏省基层医务人员工作压力研究

对905名基层医务人员进行问卷调查,了解基层医务人员工作压力情况及其影响因素,为建立适合基层卫生机构的良性人才发展机制提供依据。基层医务人员整体工作压力得分为56.54分;单因素方差分析显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、学历、职称、机构类型、工作量、工作年数、受患者尊重程度和社会地位的医务人员工作压力得分差异具有统计学意义;多元线性回归分析结果显示,社会地位、工作量、工作年数、受患者尊重程度、最高学历和性别对基层医务人员工作压力的影响具有统计学意义。需要着重关注乡镇卫生院医生的工作压力情况,重点应放在提升基层医务人员社会地位、及时关注中坚力量等方面,从而减轻其工作压力,提高工作积极性。     

危机干预视角下的PTSD治疗方法分析

以危机干预为视角对创伤后应激障碍的两种主要的治疗方法,叙事暴露疗法和延迟暴露疗法进行了比较,在理论基础、学习和恐惧条件、叙事和治疗因素等方面分析了两种方法的共同点和差异。在这种比较的基础上,对两种方法在当前研究中的主要问题进行了分析和探讨,并且对将来的研究方向进行了展望,进而对将来的危机干预提供方法学指导。     

非工作时间连通行为对幼儿园教师工作压力的影响：工作-生活冲突的中介和编制身份的调节作用

为探讨非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力的关系及其内在机制,选取浙江省某3市的幼儿园教师244名,使用非工作时间连通行为量表、教师工作压力量表、工作-生活冲突量表进行调查。结果发现：非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力呈显著正相关;工作-生活冲突在非工作时间连通行为与幼儿园教师工作压力间起中介作用;编制身份能够调节非工作时间连通行为与工作压力的关系。基于此,幼儿园管理者应当为幼儿园教师划定工作-生活界限,赋予教师“离线权”;避免身份偏见,合理分配工作任务;明确幼儿园教师职业定位,回归教育本身。     

工作压力、教学效能感对普通高中与职业中学教师职业枯竭影响的比较研究

该研究通过对14所普通高中、15所职业中学704名教师的问卷调查,将普通高中、职业中学教师的教学效能感和工作压力对教师职业枯竭的预测作用进行了比较,结果表明:第一,工作压力对普通高中和职业中学教师的职业枯竭具有显著的预测作用,但是存在差异;第二,教学效能对普通高中和职业中学教师的职业枯竭都具有显著的预测作用,但是存在差异;第三,通过对工作压力和教学效能的联合考察,能够更好地预测普通高中和职业中学教师的职业枯竭。     

员工积极组织行为影响因素的实证研究:工作-家庭冲突的中介作用

本研究对505名员工及他们的124名直接主管按照4∶1的比例做了配对调查并对调查结果进行多层数据分析,考察工作压力、工作匹配度、工作-家庭冲突对员工积极组织行为的影响,分析了工作-家庭冲突的中介作用以及员工外倾性人格特质的调节作用。结果发现,工作-家庭冲突对员工的积极组织行为产生显著的负向影响;工作-家庭冲突在工作匹配、工作压力与员工积极组织行为的关系中起到中介作用;员工外倾性人格特质对工作-家庭冲突与员工积极组织行为之间的关系有调节作用,即外倾性人格特质能够降低工作-家庭冲突的负面影响,减弱其对员工积极组织行为的不利影响。     

基于系统性风险防范的金融压力测试新理念

宏观审慎管理反映了金融风险管理的未来发展趋势,赋予金融压力测试新的理念。宏观压力测试是实现宏观审慎管理和防范系统性风险的重要工具。为了防范系统性风险,宏观压力测试应重点考虑金融业的顺周期效应、金融机构的资产相关性和系统性金融风险的内生性因素。     

Estimation for Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution in Simple Step Stress–accelerated Life Test with Type-II Censoring

This paper develops the Bayesian estimation for the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution based on Type-II censoring in the simple step stress–accelerated life test with power law accelerated form. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained and Gibbs sampling procedure is used to get the Bayesian estimates for shape parameter of Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and parameters of power law–accelerated model. Asymptotic normality method and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method are employed to construct the corresponding confidence interval and highest posterior density interval at different confidence level, respectively. At last, the results are compared by using Monte Carlo simulations, and a numerical example is analyzed for illustration.     

我国高校校报编辑工作压力量表编制

从高校校报编辑工作特点和双重角色入手,以文献研究和已有相关量表为基础,结合访谈和开放式问卷所获得资料,编制高校校报编辑工作压力问卷。对测试数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。探索性因素分析的结果表明,高校校报编辑的压力主要来自职业发展、工作特征、领导支持、工作负荷、生活保障、行业竞争6个方面;验证性因素分析结果表明,所提取的6个因素与构想模型拟合较好,编制的高校校报编辑工作压力量表的信度、效度均达到心理测量学的要求,可以作为今后测量高校校报编辑工作压力的工具。