企业营销渠道变化与新型营销模式构建

本文分析了营销渠道定义、渠道成员的职能和渠道管理的重点 ,对企业营销渠道的变迁进行了回顾和研究 ,全面论述了当今营销渠道的发展趋势。在此基础上 ,对中国企业营销渠道的构建提出了自己的见解。     

石油英语学术语篇作者自我身份构建研究

身份构建是石油学术语篇中体现作者在该领域贡献的重要方式。为了解英语学术语篇中作者身份的构建手段及其语用功能,收集了SPE（石油工程师协会）英语论文50篇,采用Wordsmith5．0进行检索,研究国外学者如何在石油学术语篇中建构其作者身份,并以“面子保全”理论分析其语用功能。结果表明,第一人称复数各种形式是最重要的建构手段,在不同语境中实现不同语用功能;第三人称抽象名词在建构中占据重要地位,实现了与人称代词不同的语用功能;介词短语也是建构手段之一,同样体现了作者的主体地位。     

高校科研团队的现状与构建措施探析

鲜明的目标、高效的协作、持续产出重大成果是高校科研团队的特征,文章分析了目前高校构建科研团队所存在的管理体制及制度方面问题及障碍,提出了高校构建科研团队的措施。     

Fitting Hierarchical Holographic Modeling into the Theory of Scenario Structuring and a Resulting Refinement to the Quantitative Definition of Risk

A point of view is suggested from which the Hierarchical Holographic Modeling (HHM) method can be seen as one more method within the Theory of Scenario Structuring (TSS), which is that part of Quantitative Risk Assessment having to do with the task of identifying the set of risk scenarios. Seen in this way, HHM brings strongly to our attention the fact that different methods within TSS can result in different sets of risk scenarios for the same underlying problem. Although this is not a problem practically, it is a bit awkward conceptually from the standpoint of the "set of triplets" definition of risk, in which the scenario set is part of the definition. Accordingly, the present article suggests a refinement to the set of triplets definition, which removes the specific set of scenarios, found by any of the TSS methods, from the definition of risk and casts it, instead, as an approximation to the "true" set of scenarios that is native to the problem at hand and not affected by the TSS method used.     

行政价值观建设的两个着力点

当前,关于“服务型政府”行政价值观的建设,要着力解决两个问题:一是行政价值观由理论形态转化为现实力量,它包括:价值示范转化为价值规范,价值标准转化为行为准则。二是行政价值观建设的社会系统工程,它包括形成良好的社会氛围,构建日常化与专门化的机制。     

Brazil and the Shifting Consensus on Development Co‐operation: Salutary Diversions from the ‘Aid‐effectiveness’ Trail?

Emerging economies emphasise horizontality and mutual opportunity in their relationship with developing countries, promising an alternative to the failings of traditional North‐South co‐operation. This article draws on research on Brazil's technical co‐operation and its health dimension to compare the Brazilian model with established aid‐effectiveness' principles and to discuss the appropriateness of the latter as standards against which to appraise emerging donors' co‐operation. The analysis shows that, despite progress towards greater dialogue between traditional and emerging donors, the ‘aid‐effectiveness’ framework still falls short of capturing the idiosyncrasies of South‐South co‐operation and therefore offers an incomplete international standard on how best to conduct development co‐operation.     

Soft OR comes of age—but not everywhere!

Over the last forty years, new methods and methodologies have been developed to deal with wicked problems or “messes”. They are structured and rigorous but non-mathematical. Prime examples are: soft systems methodology (SSM), cognitive mapping/SODA and the strategic choice approach (SCA). Collectively they are known as Soft OR, Soft Systems, or Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs). Soft OR has now come of age in terms of both dealing with complex practical situations and having a presence in the academic literature. However, Soft OR is not recognized, or even seen as a legitimate part of an OR, everywhere and this is especially so in the US, where top journals such as Operations Research and Management Science do not publish Soft OR papers. The purpose of this paper is to generate an informed discussion and debate, which may lead to a greater recognition of the contribution of Soft OR, and to it being seen to be a proper part of the OR discipline worldwide. In order to achieve this, the first section outlines the nature of Soft OR and describes briefly some of the main methods. The second section demonstrates that Soft OR has been successful both in practice and within the academic literature. The third section documents the invisibility of Soft OR within important sections of the OR literature, and the final section then suggests some explanations for this, and also proposes practical actions to try and alleviate the problem. It is not suggested that Soft OR is an alternative to traditional, mathematical OR but, rather, a complement.     

论弗洛伊德精神分析学之辩证唯物观

弗洛伊德与马克思分别从人的主观生活与客观的经济发展规律来阐述社会的发展。马克思主义思想受到了社会广大群众的欢迎，而弗洛伊德及其精神分析学说却不时受到学者们及社会的排挤，并被斥为唯心主义者及其学说。本文将通过弗洛伊德的心之结构来阐述其精神分析学的辩证唯物观，以便明晰其与马克思的对话关系。     

Negotiation support: Development of representations and reasoning

The general importance of negotiations and bargaining as means of decision making has given rise to considerable research within two broad paradigms. The behavioral paradigm has attempted to discover rationality in specific situations in order to generalize. The formal paradigm has assumed a general rationality which could be applied to specific problems. This strict dichotomy imposes unnecessary restrictions on the use of formal approaches to structure, represent, and support negotiators. Logic-based approaches, such as rule-based formalism, make it possible to blend unique and specific aspects of a problem, with general reasoning mechanisms and rationality postulates. This paper introduces rule-based formalism and discusses its advantages and disadvantages. It attempts to present its ability to represent complex decision processes and to reason using formal structures. The approach is illustrated with several simple examples.