Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

欧盟法的一体化之维:基础、协调及秩序运作

欧盟法一体化的实现,有赖于产生它的基础性条约、与成员国权能的协调以及所处法系法律秩序的运作实践。通过对欧盟法一体化的条约基础、权能配置以及法律秩序运行等不同维度的考察及分析,可以看出欧盟法在实现一体化过程中具备的求"同"存"异"的协调、沟通之能,同时亦为中国参与区域经济一体化活动提供了借鉴和参考。     

试论欧洲一体化进程中的辅助原则

1992年《马斯特里赫特条约》首次正式地将辅助原则概念纳入条约文本。后来的《欧洲宪法条约》和《里斯本条约》,使辅助原则随着欧洲一体化的推进而经历了引入、强化和宪法化的过程。辅助原则的思想演进经历了漫长的历史过程,是一种古老的欧洲观念。同时,作为平衡各方争议的工具而被提出的辅助原则,在欧洲政治一体化进程中引发的质疑和争议,体现出欧盟这一独特的行为体存在着政府间主义和超国家主义之间深层次的矛盾。尽管辅助原则概念存在着矛盾和局限,但作为欧盟立宪的基本原则之一,辅助原则对欧盟的政治体制和欧盟公民的影响力不可小视。     

Corporatism Revisited—The Legacy of History and the German Nonprofit Sector

Salamon argues strongly in favor of a public–nonprofit partnership model expressing the European flavor of corporatism. Germany provides a textbook example of corporatist arrangements, particularly in the fields of health care and social services. Whereas American nonprofit organizations are suffering from a crisis of legitimacy caused by marketization, German nonprofit organizations have been confronted with a crisis of legitimacy and identity caused by corporatism since the early 1980s. This particular scenario, however, is not covered by Salmon's analysis.     

Subsidiarity and social citizenship: Social assistance schemes in Austria,Belgium, Switzerland and Norway

Previous research has emphasised that conditionality impinges on social citizenship. However, a systematic assessment examining the impact of functional and territorial subsidiarity has been overlooked. Developing seven operational criteria – rights, means testing, conditionality, voice and choice, discretion, benefit's adequacy and supplementary system – we determined levels of subsidiarity and social citizenship in social assistance schemes. Analysing the benefit reform trajectories of Austria, Belgium, Norway and Switzerland, we conclude that social assistance schemes have not improved. Low benefits, means testing and work linkage have strengthened functional subsidiarity, whereas questions of voice and choice are rarely on the agenda. Caseworkers’ discretion and local administration have sustained territorial subsidiarity. Therefore, considering the potential role that benefits could play in the welfare state, low up‐take minimises the redistributive potential and, in general, risk has substantially shifted towards social assistance.     

国家辅助性原则在中国自然灾害行政给付中的实施

国家辅助性原则又称补充性原则,是指国家或政府对社会弱者承担次位的救助义务,这种义务必须以国家或社会有能力为前提。为确保政府职能的服务性,应将国家辅助性原则作为给付行政的基本原则。在灾害给付中,国家辅助性原则要求明确个人的自救责任,推动社会的积极参与,发挥国家的辅助性作用。