Trends in the Race and Ethnicity of Eminent Americans

During the last several decades, the ethnic and racial composition of the American elite has changed to include some ethnic minorities and women. This study examines changes in the composition of one segment of the American elite: those who have obtained eminence in their occupations. Lieberson and Carter's study of the ethnic composition of eminent Americans, using Who's Who in America, is replicated with data from the 1990s (Lieberson and Carter, 1979, American Sociological Review 44:347–366). In addition, comparisons between blacks listed in Who's Who in America and blacks listed only in Who's Who among Black Americans are made. During the 20 years since Lieberson and Carter's study, Jews have made remarkable gains in eminent membership, while the rate of black representation has increased only moderately. Women are a small percentage of the eminent regardless of ethnicity, although black women are better represented than their counterparts in white ethnic groups.     

论科技翻译中的“形似”与“神似”

文学翻译中所讨论的"形似"与"神似"的问题在科技翻译中也存在。科技翻译应分两部分来考虑翻译原则:一部分是除核心词语以外的部分,这里基本不用考虑"形似"与"神似"的问题,译文只求"准确,易懂"。另一部分是核心词语的翻译,即新出现的科技词语的翻译。翻译核心词语的时候,译者应该尽量争取做到译文与原文不仅"形似",而且"神似"。     

上海工业企业技术创新能力实证分析

技术创新是入世后上海工业企业得以持续经营的根本保证。为了解上海技术创新的现状及尚存问题,在更高层次上增强企业国际竞争力,用实证法分析大中型工业企业现行实施措施,提出增强企业技术创新能力的设想,并对相关的方面进行探讨。     

Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.     

户籍改革的研究状况及实际进展

随着以市场为导向的经济体制改革的不断深入 ,现行户籍管理制度的弊端日益明显 ,引起学术界和政府有关部门的关注。众多的学者和实际工作者对户籍管理制度产生的原因、户籍改革的必要性和户籍改革的思路等问题作了多方面的探讨 ;实际工作部门对现行户籍管理制度进行了局部的调整和修改。本文就户籍改革的理论研究和实际进展作了较为全面的总结 ,指出了需要进一步研究的理论问题和实际问题     

试论制度的技术本质 --从技术哲学的视角看

制度问题是一个具有特殊重要性的问题。不同学科基于各自的分析目的,对其都有不同的理解。政治学、经济学和社会学等学科各自从不同的角度研究制度理论,而技术哲学特别是社会技术哲学是从新的视角来思考制度的技术本质,技术哲学语境下的制度是社会技术的“物”化,是一种规范的、重要的“社会技术”形式。     

论中国近代警察制度的发展

南京国民政府时期,适应国民党独裁专制统治的需要,近代警察制度得到进一步发展。这个时期,进一步完备了从中央到地方的警察网,使之更加趋于严密;制定了大量的警察法规,逐步完善了警察的内部管理体制;警政建设多方加强,不断健全警察的社会管理职能;强化了对各类警务人员的教育训练,使整个警察队伍素质有所提高。     

技术创新中的不确定性

本文从信息不确定性角度运用数理经济学方法,研究中国技术创新近10年发展的规律。首先构造了一个准三方模型,来探讨技术交易买卖双方关于卖方技术质量和买方企业生产开发能力的相对信息不对称对技术交易成交可能性和卖方期望收益的影响。其次,提出了技术交易隐含价格的概念,对技术市场作供需平衡分析,揭示出技术市场失效为“柠檬市场”的悲观前景。最后,探讨了科技实业创业三部曲,指出在科技实业事业社会发展阶段,国家或主管机构与件技实业的关系可作为一种主从关系问题来研究,其垓心是信号当且仅当有信息才有价值,最优利益分享规则要求充分利用可以获取的受托方行为信息,以解决激励和风险分担的双重要求。     

中学课外科技活动的存在问题及对策

本文较为详细地分析我们在１９９８ 年上半年进行的“广州 市中学生课外科技活动问卷调查”的数据, 指出广州市中学生课外科技 活动存在着师资力量不足、考核制度不完善等问题, 文章最后提出了解 决上述问题的意见和看法     

Decomposing the predictive performance of the moving average trading rule of technical analysis: the contribution of linear and non-linear dependencies in stock returns

The main purpose of this work is to decompose the predictive performance of the moving average (MA) trading rule and find out the portion that could be attributed to the possible exploitation of linear and non-linear dependencies in stock returns. Data from the General Index of the Athens Stock Exchange, from the Standard and Poor-500 Index of the New York Stock Exchange and from the Austrian Traded Index of the Vienna Stock Exchange are filtered by linear filters so as the resulting simulated ‘returns’ exhibit no serial correlation. Applying MA trading rules to both the original and the simulated indices and using a new statistical testing procedure that takes into account the sensitivity of the performance of the trading rule as a function of the length of the MA it is found that the predictive performance of the trading rule is clearly weakened when applied to the simulated indices indicating that a substantial part of the rule's predictive performance is due to the exploitation of linear dependencies in stock returns. This weakening is uneven; in general the shorter the MA length the more pronounced the attenuation.