解析介词with

介词是英语中除冠词以外使用频率最大的词类,在每一段文章中都可以发现大量的介词。现代英语的名词只剩下普通格和所有格两种格(英语中某些代词有宾格),所以句中词与词的关系,主要不是靠词尾的形态变化来表示,而是靠介词来表示。这就是英语中介词十分活跃的重要原因。而在英语介词中,介词“With”是语法功能、词汇意义显得最强的词。它较强的搭配连接力,一方面使其意义界定模糊不清,让译者感到困惑不解,无从下笔;另一方面,又频频出现,其用法变化多端,含义微妙,使英语学习者不得不面临它的挑战。针对该词在英语中所表现的语法功能的多面性,语意的灵活性以及与其它介词的等值性,笔者在此提出一些粗浅的看法及相应的翻译技巧,以作为学习的参考。     

略说《离骚》的“乎”

通过对《离骚》中"乎"字的考察,常位于句末,多出现在对话中的语气词"乎"没有例证;助词"乎"可作为诗歌节奏的显性标志;介词"乎"作为《离骚》中"乎"字的主要用法,使用范围广、用法灵活丰富。     

现代汉语空间介词性质探究

空间介词是表示事物与事物或者事物与处所之间、动作与事物之间某种空间状态或空间关系一类的介词,这类介词既有着介词共有的性质,也有着自己不同的特点。它们在句法结构、语义结构、语用平面都有自己具体的作用或功能。在句法上,空间介词介引表示空间意义的名词性成分,可以自由出现在"空间介词+处所名词+(方位词)"这样的格式中。在语义上,空间介词是介引与空间意义有关的语义成分,是标明具体空间关系类型的标记。在语用上,空间介词除了具有标记、凸显焦点、管界等作用外,还凸显了说话人对于背景信息的选择和显化过程,反映了说话人的认知心理和语用倾向。     

认知语言学的隐喻观对介词隐喻义的教学启示

在传统语言学中，隐喻被看作是一种修辞方式，但认知语言学家则认为隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段，而且还是一种重要的认知世界的思维方式。它还被看作是人们思维、行为和表达思想的一种系统的方式，即隐喻概念或概念隐喻。根据这一隐喻概念理论，分析一些空间介词所体现的隐喻概念及其存在的经验基础，可为英语介词隐喻义的教学提供一些方法。     

基于语料库的介词in错误分析

英语介词是二语学习者较难掌握的词类之一。本文通过定性研究方法,考察了中国学习者语料库（CLEC）的子语料库St3中的介词in错误。本文将错误类型划分为替代、缺少、冗余以及结构错误四类,分别描述了错误形式并探讨了错误根源。研究发现,大部分介词in错误是语内、语际因素共同作用造成的,其中替代、冗余、结构错误,语内因素影响更明显;缺少类错误,语际因素影响更明显。     

论"来自于"中同义介词连用现象及对外汉语教学策略

关于"来自于"这一组合不少学者认为其中的"自"和"于"都是表示起点的介词,存在重复累赘现象,当属误用.本文从韵律句法学的角度,探讨了介词"于"出现的语法动因以及"来自于"后NP的特点,并从结构处理和分阶段教学两方面论述了对外汉语教学策略.     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

北流白话的介词及其用法

文章通过与现代汉语普通话介词的比较,确定了北流白话介词的数量和类型,并且比较全面地描写了北流白话的17个介词。     

句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

句式具有语篇功能,语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布,这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性,不在叙述的主线上,属于背景信息,具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定,高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后,而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理,介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间,处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现,真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。