作业成本法存在的问题及相应对策

作业成本法与传统成本计算最大的不同在于它不是以成本论成本 ,而是把着眼点放在成本发生的前因后果上 ,实现了成本计算与控制的结合。作业成本法的关键在于划分作业、寻找作业动因。本文在介绍作业成本法理论的基础上 ,重点探讨如何对第四类作业即发生间接成本、期间费用的作业进行划分 ,寻找作业动因     

Modeling External Risks in Project Management

To ascertain the viability of a project, undertake resource allocation, take part in bidding processes, and other related decisions, modern project management requires forecasting techniques for cost, duration, and performance of a project, not only under normal circumstances, but also under external events that might abruptly change the status quo. We provide a Bayesian framework that provides a global forecast of a project's performance. We aim at predicting the probabilities and impacts of a set of potential scenarios caused by combinations of disruptive events, and using this information to deal with project management issues. To introduce the methodology, we focus on a project's cost, but the ideas equally apply to project duration or performance forecasting. We illustrate our approach with an example based on a real case study involving estimation of the uncertainty in project cost while bidding for a contract.     

Costs of promoting cancer screening: Evidence from CDC’s Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP)

The Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) provided funding to 29 grantees to increase colorectal cancer screening. We describe the screening promotion costs of CRCCP grantees to evaluate the extent to which the program model resulted in the use of funding to support interventions recommended by the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). We analyzed expenditures for screening promotion for the first three years of the CRCCP to assess cost per promotion strategy, and estimated the cost per person screened at the state level based on various projected increases in screening rates. All grantees engaged in small media activities and more than 90% used either client reminders, provider assessment and feedback, or patient navigation. Based on all expenditures, projected cost per eligible person screened for a 1%, 5%, and 10% increase in state-level screening proportions are $172, $34, and $17, respectively. CRCCP grantees expended the majority of their funding on Community Guide recommended screening promotion strategies but about a third was spent on other interventions. Based on this finding, future CRC programs should be provided with targeted education and information on evidence-based strategies, rather than broad based recommendations, to ensure that program funds are expended mainly on evidence-based interventions.     

基于作业的保本点及目标利润分析

保本点分析和目标利润分析是本量利分析的重要内容。以基于作业的本量利分析模型为基础,总结了在作业成本环境下保本点分析和目标利润分析的方法,重点分析了作业各相关因素对保本点和目标利润的影响。为已实行或将要实行作业成本法的企业,提供经营决策的依据。     

谈变动成本法的应用

就变动成本法与财务成本核算实现合二为一核算体制———实行单轨核算,进行研究,提出一套行之有效的核算办法,这将有利于企业责任成本的落实和实施,减轻会计人员的工作量;有利于企业生产经营的短期预决策,提高应对市场的快速反映能力。     

网络时代的成本管理

网络时代企业经济运作信息化、智能化、融业化、个性化的特征 ,对传统成本管理造成了极大的影响 ,因而探讨网络时代成本管理的基本特征具有深刻的现实意义     

完善作业成本法，提高其可应用性

在实际应用中作业成本法对各作业的成本动因的追溯并未做到真正的溯本求源 ,完善作业成本法 ,提高其可应用性关键在于对实际应用中存在的问题进行改进。针对动因的无法穷尽性 ,寻找替代动因 ;针对较高的实施成本 ,进行动因合并。     

变动成本法的应用研究

首先全面分析了在现代市场经济环境中完全成本法的弊端、变动成本法优缺点及可应用性,然后提出了应用变动成本法的3种模式,最后通过一个实例进一步说明变动成本法的应用具有非常重要的现实意义。     

浅论作业管理及其应用

作业管理是一种先进的现代企业经营管理思想,它以作业成本核算为基础,并对企业的生产经营全过程进行管理。作业管理是管理观念的变革和科学技术发展的必然产物,实施作业管理有助于优化企业流程,提高企业的经营管理效率,从而增强企业的竞争能力。文章从作业管理的概念和过程入手,通过对作业管理在我国企业应用前提和障碍的分析,并结合我国企业的特点及其所处的经营环境,探讨了作业管理在我国的应用前景。     

“作业成本法”在高校生均培养成本核算中的应用

高等院校扩招后生均培养成本成为学校、政府、学生及家长共同关注的一个热点问题。本文运用"作业成本法"的理论,从高校教育成本内涵出发,结合高校的实际情况,探讨了作业成本法在高校生均培养成本核算中的实施条件、程序和实施中应注意的问题。