浅探交际教学法和语法教学法在英语教学中的结合

通过分析交际教学法和语法教学法自身的特点和各自在英语教学中的优势与局限 ,指出将两者结合应用应是现阶段大学英语教学最理想的教学模式 ,并从教学目的、教学对象和教师自身角度说明了这种结合应用的必要性。在此基础上 ,总结了目前在结合应用实践中发现的问题 ,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

《汉语拼音方案》的制定、传播与应用

继承了我国传统的直音、反切等方法以及西方学者的拉丁字母式拼音方法，《汉语拼音方案》作为新中国文字改革的一大成果诞生了。从制定到推行与传播，《汉语拼音方案》在具体应用过程中产生了一些问题需要尽快得到解决，以便《汉语拼音方案》能够为构建和谐语言生活发挥更大的促进作用。     

Z_P群中N维广义正方体上的哈密顿回路

设Z_P={1,2,…,P-1,0},在模P的加法运算下,Z_P是一个群。Z_P上定义n维广义正方体,其顶点集为{(x_1,x_2,…,x_n):x_i∈Z_P.i=1,2,…,n},两个顶点x和y之间有一条棱,当且仅当sum from i=1 to n丨x_i-y_i丨=1 mod(P)。在这个定义下,本文证明了对任意P≥2和n≥2,Z_P中n维广义正方体上存在一个经过所有顶点的哈密顿回路。文中给出了一些例子作为应用。     

Optimal acceptance sampling for modules F and F1 of the European Measuring Instruments Directive

ABSTRACT

Acceptance sampling plans offered by ISO 2859-1 are far from optimal under the conditions for statistical verification in modules F and F1 as prescribed by Annex II of the Measuring Instruments Directive (MID) 2014/32/EU, resulting in sample sizes that are larger than necessary. An optimised single-sampling scheme is derived, both for large lots using the binomial distribution and for finite-sized lots using the exact hypergeometric distribution, resulting in smaller sample sizes that are economically more efficient while offering the full statistical protection required by the MID.     

Building up Resilience in a Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through Inventory,Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity

This paper is inspired by a risk management problem faced by a leading pharmaceutical company. Key operational risk mitigation measures include Risk Mitigation Inventory (RMI), Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity. We study the relationship between these three measures by modeling the drug manufacturing firm that is exposed to supply chain disruption risk. The firm determines optimal RMI levels for assumed Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity. We quantify the decrease in RMI levels in the presence of Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity. Furthermore, using an example, we analyze RMI, Dual Sourcing and Agility Capacity decisions jointly. It turns out that RMI and Agility Capacity can be substitutes as long as no Dual Source is available. Once the Dual Source is available, Agility Capacity and Dual Sourcing appear to be substitutes. We further show that for long disruption times, the optimal Dual Source production rate may decrease in the disruption time. Within our modeling framework, we introduce an operational metric that quantifies Supply Chain Resilience. Supply chain disruptions can have a severe business impact and need to be managed appropriately.     

Fiber optical network design problems: A case for Turkey

In this paper, we consider problems originating from one of the largest Internet service providers operating in Turkey. The company mainly faces two different design problems: the green field design (area with no Internet access) and the copper field re-design (area with limited access over copper networks). In the green field design problem, the aim is to design a least cost fiber optical network that will provide high bandwidth Internet access from a given central station to a set of aggregated demand nodes. Such an access can be provided either directly by installing fibers or indirectly by utilizing passive splitters. Insertion loss, bandwidth level and distance limitations should simultaneously be considered in order to provide a least cost design to enable the required service level. In the re-design of the copper field application, the aim is to improve the current service level by augmenting the network with fiber optical wires, specifically by adding cabinets to copper rings in the existing infrastructure and by constructing direct fiber links from cabinets to distant demand nodes. Mathematical models are constructed for both problem specifications. Extensive computational results based on realistic data from Kartal (45 nodes) and Bakırköy (74 nodes) districts in Istanbul show that the proposed models are viable exact solution methodologies for moderate dimensions.     

专利法的若干问题及其立法建议

专利法的两次修正使我国专利保护水平在整体上得到了历史性提升。但是 ,某些具体规则的内容尚有值得探讨之处。专利法与合同法对合作发明创造的权利归属规则应协调一致 ;专利申请权与申请专利的权利性质不同 ,转让程序也不同 ,两者不能混淆 ;外观设计专利授权条件中的美感应改为装饰性 ,以反映外观设计的本质特点     

论案例教学法在高校商务英语教学中的运用

为了使高校更有效地培养社会需要的商务英语人才,在教学中运用案例教学法是商务英语教学特殊要求的有效尝试,本文从实际操作和有效性讨论案例教学法,以期能帮助提高学生学习商务英语的兴趣及培养其创造性思维能力和解决问题的能力。     

关于开展大学生科研训练工作的经验探讨

大学生科研训练计划是我国教育改革的一项重要内容,对提高大学生的科研素养,培养大学生的创新能力起到了积极作用。本文就如何提高大学生参与科研训练效果进行了积极探索,提出了一些指导经验和建议,为今后指导大学生进行科研训练提供了一些借鉴。     

论市场交换的供给与需求、成本与收入双重属性(上)

本文试图以一种崭新的非均衡的供给与需求、成本与收入双重属性的市场交换概念,重新阐释市场交换问题。两个人在竞争市场上相互交换的两种不同商品,既是自己的供给商品,即自己生产、拥有、卖出的商品,又是对方的需求商品,即对方用供给商品买回的满足自己需要的商品,两个交换商品具有供给与需求双重属性,这种属性说明用什么交换什么;供给商品生产和交换消耗的费用称谓供给成本,简称成本,用成本买回的需求商品称谓需求收入,简称收入,两个成本交换后变成了两个收入,成本与收入也有双重属性,这种属性说明两种交换商品用多少成本换回多少收入。市场交换就是用供给交换需求,用成本交换收入,追逐收入大于成本的利润,避免收入小于成本的亏损,这就是市场交换机制。