Transformer in navigation: Diverse government roles for open innovation in China's high-speed rail

Based on a longitudinal case study of China's high-speed rail embedded in the emerging economy context, we focus on what role the government plays and how that matters to open innovation (OI) for competitive advantage. By linking the OI literature with the national political institutions literature to motivate our research question, we propose a statist-based OI view to differentiate diverse government roles, investigating how government adopts roles in a combined way to push OI in stages. Our findings suggest that government is an important strategic decision-maker for OI. Specifically, the government plays various roles as commander, protector, cultivator, and intermediator, reflecting state activism derived from national political institutions, to construct institutional-level OI for domestic OI activities, and inbound and outbound OI across national borders. We find government can deliberately and strategically use its diverse roles in a combined way to push OI for competitive advantage through the industrial evolutionary process over time. Our study contributes to the OI literature and integrates the strategic management literature with the study of OI to provide new insights to explain the origins of competitive advantage from the state perspective.     

抗战前十年南京国民政府的禁烟禁毒政策

烟毒影响近代中国社会至深且巨 ,南京国民政府自成立之日起便展开对这一社会问题的治理工作。抗战前十年其禁烟政策历经“寓禁于征”、断禁和渐禁三个阶段的演变 ,在禁烟领域作出了自己的努力 ,并取得阶段性成果 ,北洋军阀时期烟毒大泛滥的局面得到基本扼制。     

试述恩琴犯蒙所引发的直奉矛盾斗争

1921年白俄恩琴率军侵入外蒙古,从而引发国内直奉两系军阀一系列的矛盾斗争,使得当时的北洋政府坐失收复外蒙良机,最终导致外蒙从中国分裂出去,进而揭示出北洋军阀置国家疆土于不顾而忙于内争的实质。     

试论权利的演变及其成本——基于政府实现公共利益能力的视角

无论从任何角度考察，权利都以政府的巨大财政成本作为后盾，否则权利便无从实现。当现代政府的公共利益责任与权利成本发生矛盾时，如何协调二者之间的关系，将权利成本最小化、公共利益最大化，就成为理论界与实务界必须承担的责任。     

近代资本主义生产生活方式对中国传统慈善事业的影响——以北京为例

以交通、通讯、新闻舆论等为典型代表的近代西方资本主义生产与生活方式传入中国后，它们或便利救济物资的调配，或加速救助对象的区域流动，或监督与制约救济事务的运转，或宣传与流播新型慈善思想等，从整体上对中国传统慈善活动的近代转型发挥强大的刺激与推动作用。     

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.     

南京国民政府时期南洋侨教政策负面影响述评

由于历史和现实的缘故，国民政府十分关注海外华侨尤其南洋华侨的教育，形成了比较完善的华侨教育体系，学校和学生数量呈上升趋势，学生素质也不断提高。然而由于国民政府侨教政策自身固有的弊病，给南洋侨教带来了相当的消极作用，限制了南洋侨教事业的进一步发展。     

西法何以未能东鉴--庞德与中国近代的法律改革浅析

庞德作为中国近代被政府聘请的最后一位外国法律专家,被南京国民政府视为合适人选有其内在原因.庞德的社会学法学的理论、社会利益学说与国民政府的国家、社会本位论有相似之处.庞德在华担任司法部和教育部顾问期间对中国的法制建设及法学教育提出了诸多有见地的建议,但最终收效甚微.笔者认为,除了政局动荡、法制建设缺乏稳定的环境这一因素外,法律文化的不同、宪政运动的失败、司法独立精神的缺乏及社会结构的落后是使其改革建议无法有效实施的更深层次原因.在法制建设蓬勃发展的今天,庞德的改革建议仍有其进步意义,值得我们借鉴.     

成长的感悟——析青年作曲家张朝的《变奏曲》

从音乐形态、表现手法等方面具体分析《变奏曲》这部钢琴作品,探究其中对中国传统戏曲效果的模拟,以及作者如何巧妙地借鉴皮黄丰富的音响和表现力并运用到钢琴音乐中。中西的结合,古今的碰撞、鲜明的色彩个性,这些特点使得这部作品成为探索中国钢琴音乐民族化道路上的闪光点。