Using local linear kernel smoothers to test the lack of fit of nonlinear regression models

Herein, we propose a data-driven test that assesses the lack of fit of nonlinear regression models. The comparison of local linear kernel and parametric fits is the basis of this test, and specific boundary-corrected kernels are not needed at the boundary when local linear fitting is used. Under the parametric null model, the asymptotically optimal bandwidth can be used for bandwidth selection. This selection method leads to the data-driven test that has a limiting normal distribution under the null hypothesis and is consistent against any fixed alternative. The finite-sample property of the proposed data-driven test is illustrated, and the power of the test is compared with that of some existing tests via simulation studies. We illustrate the practicality of the proposed test by using two data sets.     

一类四阶非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题解的存在性与唯一性

本文利用Hammerstein型积分算子和上下解方法,研究了一类四阶非线性常微分方程的两点边值问题     

Pragmatic professionalism: micro-level discourse in social work

In recent years the welfare sector has encountered numerous and often challenging changes, such as marketisation, New Public Management, and demands for evidence-based practices. These changes can be seen as a shift between the two logics of creating and maintaining authority, and as a movement from occupational towards organizational professionalism. Perhaps the most important difference between these logics is that, in occupational professionalism, authority is built on trust in the professionals’ education and ethics, whilst in organizational professionalism it is grounded in regulation and control expressed, for example, in rules, regulations, and routines. The article focuses on the ways in which two groups of social workers in Swedish social welfare offices orient themselves towards organizational and occupational professionalism in constructing themselves and in the construction of each other, as well as the work that is carried out by each group. The aim is thus to elaborate on what these logics mean at the micro-level. In this respect, pertinent questions such as ‘How are they to be understood?’, ‘Regarded from the point of view of micro politics, what do these logics mean?’ and ‘How are the logics internalized by the social workers?’ are posed.     

Secondhand social capital: Boundary spanning,secondhand closure,and individual performance

We move beyond the performance returns of individuals’ direct network connections to study the effects of “secondhand” social capital, i.e., from the networks of one’s contacts. We propose that certain colleagues may be more valuable to one’s job performance than others when their spillovers of novel information combine with spillovers of the cooperation needed to obtain that novelty. In a study of 1273 research and development employees across 16 business units, we find that the most benefit to one’s own performance comes from having ties that span business units and that also include secondhand closure (i.e., where one’s contacts are each embedded in a constrained, dense network). Bridging the organizational boundary provides the novelty; and secondhand closure provides the cooperation. Further, by examining who in the network is constraining these contacts, we are able to trace their cooperative motivation both to reputational and organizational identity concerns, which each create a spillover of cooperation toward the focal individual, who reaps the returns.     

故国之思与信史精神——万斯同、温睿临与《南疆逸史》的编纂

万斯同和温睿临同为清初具有崇高民族气节的史学家,二人交谊笃厚,互相推重.万斯同以二十余年之辛劳,为官修<明史>作出卓越贡献,他以务存信史、别识心裁作为修史的指导思想,在史料上强调广采和别择,在体例和文字表述上务求严谨、精审,尤其关心保存南明史的记载.温睿临的<南疆逸史>是在万斯同的鼓励与帮助下完成的,此书在修史格局上苦心经营,以"纪略"起到"本纪"的作用,与清朝官方"深没南明"的做法形成鲜明对照;在列传的撰写和编排上,突出忠臣义士的功绩,对抗清活动记载颇详.足见万斯同的故国之思和信史精神,均在<南疆逸史>中得到成功体现,这部佳作的撰成是万、温两位史家深厚友谊的见证和爱国思想的结晶.     

How the host nation's boundary drawing affects immigrants’ belonging

Across Western democracies, the place for newcomers in the host society is debated, involving often a questioning of immigrants’ belonging to their new nation. This article argues that immigrants’ feeling of host national belonging depends on how the host nation imagines its community and its concomitant boundaries. Utilising survey and country level data in multilevel regressions, immigrants’ belonging is found to vary significantly across the 19 countries included. A central contribution is the finding that citizenship policies do not explain this cross-national variation. Instead, what matters is the informal boundary drawing produced in the majority population's conception of what is important for being part of the national ‘us'. Thus, immigrants’ belonging is significantly greater when the majority population prioritises attainable criteria of national membership. In addition, these priorities are shown to have deep historical roots as immigrants’ belonging is greater in settler countries and in nations which democratised early. By showing that national imageries have consequences for a country's welcoming capacities, and by showing that these welcoming capacities are historically path dependent, the study contributes to the debate within nationalism studies about national identity's causal significance.     

现代化背景下的新闻教育问题

在检讨当下新闻教育的特点与问题时,多数学者乐于从外部找寻症结.本文则由"问题意识"引导,深入到新闻教育中知识框架的缺憾层面,陈示矛盾,提出相对的现代性解释.文章认为,现代性的新闻教育应当是一种能够涵化各种矛盾的教育,它应当在心灵品质的建构上大有作为.为此,花大力气从事新闻教育知识体系的改造显得十分必要与迫切.     

《恰克图条约》谈判中的清朝使臣

在中俄《恰克图条约》谈判中，清朝使臣隆科多的强硬坚持和策凌的软弱妥协，正好反映了雍正帝为稳定边境而急于订约的迫切心态。     

美国决策层对1969年中苏边界冲突的判断与对策

1969年的中苏边界冲突对美国尼克松政府的对华缓和政策具有重要的推动作用．但从新近公布的解密档案和冷战史研究来看,边界冲突并不必然会导致美中接近;只是当苏联在边界冲突中的表现引起了尼克松政府对其战略意图怀疑时,美国政府才加快了启动对华缓和的进程．     

社会冲突的新视角:边界冲突

社会冲突是重要的社会现象 ,也是社会学研究的基础范畴。本文在社会冲突理论发展的研究框架下 ,提出“边界冲突”的分析概念 ,探讨边界冲突的基本特征和类型 ,试图以冲突着的边界为理论新视角对社会冲突问题展开进一步研究