Informed Public Preferences for Electricity Portfolios with CCS and Other Low‐Carbon Technologies

Public perceptions of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other low‐carbon electricity‐generating technologies may affect the feasibility of their widespread deployment. We asked a diverse sample of 60 participants recruited from community groups in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to rank 10 technologies (e.g., coal with CCS, natural gas, nuclear, various renewables, and energy efficiency), and seven realistic low‐carbon portfolios composed of these technologies, after receiving comprehensive and carefully balanced materials that explained the costs and benefits of each technology. Rankings were obtained in small group settings as well as individually before and after the group discussions. The ranking exercise asked participants to assume that the U.S. Congress had mandated a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from power plants to be built in the future. Overall, rankings suggest that participants favored energy efficiency, followed by nuclear power, integrated gasification combined‐cycle coal with CCS and wind. The most preferred portfolio also included these technologies. We find that these informed members of the general public preferred diverse portfolios that contained CCS and nuclear over alternatives once they fully understood the benefits, cost, and limitations of each. The materials and approach developed for this study may also have value in educating members of the general public about the challenges of achieving a low‐carbon energy future.     

价格与技术不确定条件下的发电商碳捕获投资模型及分析

碳捕获与储存技术是降低碳排放的有效方法之一。论文针对碳价和碳捕获技术不确定的情况,构建双重不确定条件下的碳捕获技术投资模型,并在模型求解基础上进行了数值仿真分析,其分析结果表明:1)碳价的波动性将延迟碳捕获技术投资,若碳价的波动性足够大,发电商会选择不投资;2)碳捕获技术进步也将延迟投资,但政策性补贴将抵消该投资延迟。     

碳交易机制下供应链CCS投资时机研究

在碳交易机制下,碳价格不确定性对发电商的碳捕获与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)投资时机具有重要影响。基于实物期权理论,考虑碳价格不确定性及CCS投资成本递减情况下CCS投资的期权价值,建立集碳捕获-运输-封存于一体的CCS投资时机决策基本模型。在此基础上,进一步构建考虑供应链内发电商与CCS运营商合作的CCS投资博弈模型,分析发电商与CCS运营商在收益转移比例与投资时机之间进行决策的均衡条件。基于上述模型,结合数值算例进一步分析了CCS投资时机的影响因素。结果表明:碳价格波动率、政府对CCS投资补贴系数、CCS技术学习效应以及供应链内部企业间的收益转移比例等都将对CCS投资门槛产生影响,供应链企业应综合考虑各因素的影响,科学选择投资时机与收益转移比例,以实现CO2减排的同时保证各方的经济利益,保障供应链的协调运行与CCS投资优化。     

国学教育的现代探索与文化建构——评李训贵、宋婕主编的《城市国学讲坛（第二辑）》

溯源“国学”的历时性内涵及反思其兴衰的时代背景，具有总结文化历史、着眼社会发展的重要价值。《城市国学讲坛（第二辑）》对国学内涵进行全面阐释的基础上，将国学教育纳入到现代化的语境中，探索出了一条职业教育与人文教育并行不悖的教育方式；同时，基于对国学教育规律的把握，该著以国学的现代化进程为观照，主张打破学科、专业的限制，推进国学教育与职业教育的互相促进、双向契合。     

Not in My Backyard: CCS Sites and Public Perception of CCS

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that counteracts climate change by capturing atmospheric emissions of CO₂ from human activities, storing them in geological formations underground. However, CCS also involves major risks and side effects, and faces strong public opposition. The whereabouts of 408 potential CCS sites in Germany were released in 2011. Using detailed survey data on the public perception of CCS, this study quantifies how living close to a potential storage site affects the acceptance of CCS. It also analyzes the influence of other regional characteristics on the acceptance of CCS. The study finds that respondents who live close to a potential CCS site have significantly lower acceptance rates than those who do not. Living in a coal‐mining region also markedly decreases acceptance.     

碳情绪能否助力碳捕捉与封存项目发展?

碳捕捉与封存(CCS)项目作为解决全球气候变暖问题的一种新兴减排措施,需要从多维微观视角探究其推广机制。本文将参与主体的碳情绪影响纳入博弈分析框架中,将等级依赖期望效用理论(RDEU)与博弈理论相结合,探究碳情绪影响CCS项目发展的微观作用机制。以国华神木富氧燃烧改造项目为例,仿真模拟了5种异质情绪组合下政府和能源企业的均衡策略选择。研究结果显示：当双方处于理性状态时,能源企业和政府的CCS项目参与意愿都很低,这符合当前国际上CCS项目的发展现状;当双方处于悲观情绪时,悲观情绪越高,政府选择无作为策略和能源企业选择CCS技术改造策略的概率就越大,这是社会资源配置优化的表现;当双方处于乐观情绪时,适度乐观的情绪有利于刺激CCS项目的良性发展,过度乐观的情绪会阻碍CCS项目的发展。因此,本文从碳情绪引导方面提出了管理社会碳情绪相关对策建议,以期加快实现CCS项目的规模化和商业化运营。     

Crypto‐coin hierarchies: social contestation in blockchain networks

In this article, I discuss the role of crypto‐coins (CCs) as an explicit response to the 2008 economic crisis. Drawing on networked social movement theory, I outline the tension between blockchain based currencies promoted as horizontal markets of technological innovation and the persistence of hierarchical authority within these networks. By examining the assumptions about authority and regulation that underpin the creation of CCs I argue that the cryptographic responses to the financial crisis understate the persistence of hierarchies in their claims to upset traditional monetary authority. As global networks, blockchain technology faces political challenges from regulators, hegemonic market actors and adherents devoted to particular CCs. Consequently, I draw parallels between CCs and networked social movements to argue that the emergence and proliferation of ‘altcoins’ presents a series of political challenges to the framing of CCs as disruptive technology. The innovative character of CCs relies on tacit and explicit assumptions about politics that social movement theory can help to explain. By examining the altcoins through the concepts of resource mobilization, framing and identity formation, I argue that the dynamics of offline social hierarchies persist and are magnified in the world of CCs.     

A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Model and Risk Assessment Framework for Carbon Capture and Storage

Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) has been applied to various energy problems to incorporate a variety of qualitative and quantitative criteria, usually spanning environmental, social, engineering, and economic fields. MCDA and associated methods such as life‐cycle assessments and cost‐benefit analysis can also include risk analysis to address uncertainties in criteria estimates. One technology now being assessed to help mitigate climate change is carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS is a new process that captures CO₂ emissions from fossil‐fueled power plants and injects them into geological reservoirs for storage. It presents a unique challenge to decisionmakers (DMs) due to its technical complexity, range of environmental, social, and economic impacts, variety of stakeholders, and long time spans. The authors have developed a risk assessment model using a MCDA approach for CCS decisions such as selecting between CO₂ storage locations and choosing among different mitigation actions for reducing risks. The model includes uncertainty measures for several factors, utility curve representations of all variables, Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis. This article uses a CCS scenario example to demonstrate the development and application of the model based on data derived from published articles and publicly available sources. The model allows high‐level DMs to better understand project risks and the tradeoffs inherent in modern, complex energy decisions.     

Competence-Based and Integrity-Based Trust as Predictors of Acceptance of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)

Public trust in organizations that are involved in the management and use of new technologies affects lay judgments about the risks and benefits associated with these technologies. In turn, judgments about risks and benefits influence lay attitudes toward these technologies. The validity of this (indirect) effect of trust on lay attitudes toward new technologies, which is referred to as the causal chain account of trust, has up till now only been examined in correlational research. The two studies reported in this article used an experimental approach to more specifically test the causal chain account of trust in the context of carbon dioxide capture and storage technology (CCS). Complementing existing literature, the current studies explicitly distinguished between two different types of trust in organizations: competence-based trust (Study 1) and integrity-based trust (Study 2). In line with predictions, results showed that the organizational position regarding CCS implementation (pro versus con) more strongly affected people's risk and benefit perceptions and their subsequent acceptance of CCS when competence-based trust was high rather than low. In contrast, the organizational position had a greater impact on people's level of CCS acceptance when integrity-based trust was low rather than high.     

欧盟的碳捕获与封存立法及其启示

作为碳捕获和封存立法的先行者,欧盟制定了完善的碳捕获和封存立法。从欧盟碳捕获和封存立法经验来看,国家应该通过立法方式确认碳捕获和封存的地位,从而表明国家支持碳捕获和封存的立场。此外,为了有效地控制碳捕获和封存风险,推动碳捕获和封存的发展,国家应该制定严格的法律监管制度,并形成能够激励其发展的法律机制。