语气词在俄语口语中的结构功能

俄语传统语法历来认为语气词不充当句子成分,不发挥任何句法作用.然而,这种特性在口语中却发生了变化;有为数不少的语气词具有结构功能,在交际中发挥着极为重要的作用,这点在语气词研究中往往被忽视.受口语超语言特征的影响,语气词可以充当固定句位句素构成各种结构模式,表达各种情态意义.语气词发挥的结构功能主要有三大类:充当独立语句功能、充当语句结构要素功能及构成对话重复语句功能.     

BNT系纳米粉体的制备及微波特性研究

使用柠檬酸盐法成功制备出分散良好的颗粒状BNT系纳米粉体。经TEM和XRD分析,粉体的平均粒径约30 nm,其主晶相为Nd2Ti2O7,经1 300℃烧结成瓷后还出现了BaNd2Ti4O12相。此类材料具有良好的高频特性,用此类材料研制出的单片微波陶瓷电容器具有良好的微波特性。     

现代汉语语气词意义主观性的主体差异--以《雷雨》为例

文章旨在探讨说话人在使用现代汉语语气词表达主观意义时的主体差异。研究表明:表达主观意义的语言手段多种多样,说话人为了实现交际目的需对其进行选择,这种语言选择会受到各种主客观因素和话语功能的影响。文章尝试以语言主观性为理论基础, 建立现代汉语语气词意义主观性的分析模式,然后对《雷雨》中语气词意义主观性的主体差异进行了个案分析。      

Uncertain Benefits Estimates for Reductions in Fine Particle Concentrations

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) estimates of the benefits of improved air quality, especially from reduced mortality associated with reductions in fine particle concentrations, constitute the largest category of benefits from all federal regulation over the last decade. EPA develops such estimates, however, using an approach little changed since a 2002 report by the National Research Council (NRC), which was critical of EPA's methods and recommended a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis incorporating probability distributions for major sources of uncertainty. Consistent with the NRC's 2002 recommendations, we explore alternative assumptions and probability distributions for the major variables used to calculate the value of mortality benefits. For metropolitan Philadelphia, we show that uncertainty in air quality improvements and in baseline mortality have only modest effects on the distribution of estimated benefits. We analyze the effects of alternative assumptions regarding the value of reducing mortality risk, whether the toxicity is above or below the average for fine particles, and whether there is a threshold in the concentration‐response relationship, and show these assumptions all have large effects on the distribution of benefits.     

Statistical techniques in stereology

Stereology typically concerns estimation of properties of a geometric structure from plane section information. This paperprovides a brief review of some statistical aspects of this rapidly developing field, with some reference to applications in the earth sciences. After an introductory discussion of the scope of stereology, section 2 briefly mentions results applicable when no assumptions can be made about the stochastic nature of the sampled matrix, statistical considerations then arising solelyfrom the ‘randomness’ of the plane section. The next two sections postulate embedded particles of specific shapes, the particular case of spheres being discussed in some detail.

References are made to results for ‘thin slices’ and other prob-ing mechanisms. Randomly located convex particles, of otherwise arbitrary shape, are discussed in section 5 and the review concludes with a specific application of stereological ideas to some data on neolithic mining.     

纳米氧化铁材料的磁弛豫研究

由Fe-O的超细粉末压制成纳米固体，该过程使相邻微粒间形成界面。由于总体的磁弛豫依赖于有效各向导性能，界面的存在出现的界面各向异性能将会改变纳米的磁弛豫行为．对α-Fe2O3和γ-Fe2O3的Mossbauer谱研究测量表明在抑制起顺磁弛豫时，界面的交换相互作用是主要的。     

岳阳方言的语气词

通过对岳阳方言的语气词作全面深入的探讨,得出的结论是,岳阳方言中有旧个语气词。文章对它们分布和所表语气从语法和语用方面进行了逐一的描写,对它们可能构成的连用作出了穷尽性的分析,在语气词的形成和衍变上提出了一些看法,对语气词的分类,也作了一些有益的尝试。     

《扬子法言》中句末连用语气词汇释

语气词是用来帮助表示各种语气的。当几个语气词连用时,语气的表达上往往存在主次之分,语气的重心一般落在最后一个语气词上,其作用是加强之前语气的表达效果。《扬子法言》一书中句尾语气词连用的现象非常多。其中以两个语气词连用为多见,有"已乎""也哉"、"矣夫"、"也与"、"也者"、"矣乎"、"矣哉"、"也夫"、"乎哉"、"而已"等;也有三个语气词连用的情况,如"也已矣"、"而已矣"、"已矣哉"、"几矣哉"。不同语气词的选择使用可以让作者的思想感情更完整的展现在读者面前。     

语气词在命令式句子中的修辞色彩

语气词在俄语中占极小的比例 ,不为人所重视 ,但在日常口语中使用却极为广泛。构形语气词、情态语气词、否定语气词及命令式加语气词所发生转义 ,说明这些语气词在命令式句中具有修辞特点