进化的转义

达尔文的影响力并没有很快抵达中国。近代关于他的记录出现于19世纪70年代之后的译作、报刊、私人笔记或考卷等之中。传教士、留洋人士在早期的传播中扮演了重要角色——尽管他们对于达尔文的介绍常是模糊且不得要领的。严复的杰出工作开启了一个进化的时代,但充斥在报刊和人们思想之中的是一种非达尔文式的进化观念。《物种起源》(下文称《起源》)的翻译大抵可分为两个阶段——本文关注的是第一阶段。《起源》的翻译本可以为纠正进化的误解带来希望,然而译者马君武并没有去颠覆新近形成的进化范式。通过对达尔文文本的修正,马氏尽可能地弥合:达尔文的学说与先前已被灌输给那个时代的进化观念之间的差异。本文的第二部分通过对《起源》第三章和第四章译文的解析,来探究那个年代进化的转义。     

象征主义的宪章——三论波德莱尔和《恶之花》的历史地位与意义

波德莱尔的《恶之花》深刻地揭示了人与自然的关系，提出了著名的交感论，打破了“真善美”相统一的古典主义美学原则，创立了新的诗歌理论，为象征主义的产生铺平了道路，堪称象征主义的宪章     

Reconceptualizing the Self Phenomenon: Toward an Emic Conception of the Self

In sociology, the self has been conceptualized as either self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. Both notions of the self have been traced to the early thinkers—William James, Charles H. Cooley, and George H. Mead—who laid the foundation for the scientific study of the self phenomenon. In this article, I propose a revised conception of the self based on a re‐reading of the classics. I argue that the self is related to but not the same as self‐concept or the process of self‐reflectivity. The self is an emic object, that is, the entity that one takes oneself to be. More specifically, the self is the empirical existence of an individual perceived by the individual to be his or her own. As the identity the individual finds in his or her existence in a world shared with others, the self is a product of both self‐reflection and self‐enactment. Implications of this reconceptualization for some broad issues related to the self phenomenon are also discussed.     

论《大卫·科波菲尔》中的人物素描艺术

马车夫巴基思是狄更斯自传体小说《大卫.科波菲尔》中的一个微不足道的小人物,但却给人们留下了深刻的印象。狄更斯通过对其言语特征的临摹和复制,用简洁、明快的手法,深刻揭示了其丰富的内心世界,将这个人物栩栩如生地展现在读者面前,有力地渲染、烘托了小说的主人公,凸显这位小说大师的人物素描艺术。     

孟斗班与第二次鸦片战争——新公布的档案文献揭露英军焚毁圆明园之真相

1860年,英法联军寻找种种借口,派大军侵华,一直打到北京,焚掠圆明园,强迫清政府与之签订不平等条约。英法联军中的法军司令是孟斗班。他回国后被拿破仑三世封为“八里桥公爵”。孟斗班在法筹建侵华远征军之后远赴中国,进行了一系列侵略活动。从最近新公布的档案文献看,圆明园被劫掠是英法侵略军联手,而圆明园被焚毁则是英军单独所为,法军没有参与。     

走出达尔文进化论思想研究的误区

19 世纪达尔文进化论的诞生是西方科学思想史上的一件大事,它一方面确立了自牛顿以来的科学理性观,另一方面通过社会达尔文主义而形成了社会进化与社会进步的观念,确立了欧洲中心主义观念。但是,科学史研究表明,对于达尔文本人的进化论思想研究,学术界还存在着许多误区,本文依据国际科学史界的最新研究成果予以澄清,以便深化我国学术界目前着重探讨的科学观以及科学发展观。     

Three models of OPEC leadership and policy in the aftermath of Iran

Collapse of the Shah's regime has transformed Iran's attitude regarding oil production policy. The nature of OPEC leadership is changing as well. Three models examine the nature of this leadership inside OPEC: (1) the conventional price leadership model, (2) a model emphasizing a concept of egalitarian leadership, and (3) a team model composed of coalitions. The three models establish the limits within which OPEC leadership is exercised. A composite model drawing upon all three sets of results suggests that Saudi Arabia shapes cartel policy not by itself, but through a dominant coalition of states. For most of the period 1969–1978 this coalition has been stable. Following the unsettling changes of 1973, cooptation of Iran into the dominant coalition in 1974 was an important step in achieving a new level of stability. But during the turbulence of regime transformation in Iran, the nature of the governing coalition appears to have changed. One consequence may be that in the future Saudi Arabia will yield more willingly to arguments heard within OPEC on behalf of upwards price pressure, especially in an atmosphere of growing political isolation and overall tight supply.     

外谐内庄 意韵无穷——《雾都孤儿》中Board语义双关评析

本文分析了狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》中双关语board的修辞特点,旨在说明语言是文学作品的本体,文学是语言艺术,强调重视研究作家的语言特点对深入理解其作品,揭示作品主题或把握其内在精神实质有重大意义。从board双关语的使用,我们可以更加深刻地体味和理解狄更斯这位语言丹青高手的语言魅力和其作品所表达的社会主题。     

从一份被忽视的文本看宗教的狄更斯

狄更斯向来被视做批判现实主义作家。然其作品明显具有与其他现实主义作品不同的特征。这些特征乃至作家整个创作受到基督教信仰重要影响。长期为人所不知或忽略的《我们主的一生》为此提供了重要依据。此乃狄更斯专为自己孩子所作私人文本,在其去世64年后方始发表。该作品清楚表明狄更斯熟悉圣经,特别注重基督教信仰中仁爱、宽恕、谦卑,并相对淡化公义和审判等教义。这与其作品所体现的“以善为美”、“团圆结局”、“恶人悔改”等模式及温馨人情特征相一致。     

The self as the locus of morality: A comparison between Charles Taylor and George Herbert Mead's theories of the moral constitution of the self

This paper provides a critical comparison of two leading exponents of the relationship between morality and selfhood: Charles Taylor and George Herbert Mead. Specifically, it seeks to provide an assessment of the contribution each approach is able to make to a social theory of morality that has the self at its heart. Ultimately, it is argued that Taylor's phenomenological account neglects the significance of interaction and social relations in his conceptualisation of the relationship between morality and self, which undermines the capacity of his framework to explain how moral understandings and dialogic moral subjectivity develop in a world of shared meaning. I then argue that Mead's pragmatist interactionist approach overcomes many of the flaws in Taylor's framework, and offers a grounded conceptualisation of the relationship between self and morality that is able to provide a basis for a properly social account of moral subjectivity.