世界贸易组织：优势、挑战与前景

本文探讨了世界贸易组织的优势和面临的挑战，并对其发展前景作了展望。作者认为，与过去的国际贸易组织和关贸总协定相比，世界贸易组织具有许多优势，世界经济联系越来越紧密、冷战后各国对经济安全的重视、世界经济多极化的发展、发展中国家贸易政策的自由化和自身较完善的机制等都是其优势所在。但同时世界贸易组织也面临着各国经济摩擦加剧、发达国家贸易保护主义抬头、区域经济集团剧增和自身机制尚存在缺陷等挑战。基于以上分析，作者对世界贸易组织的未来前景持谨慎的乐观态度，认为世界贸易组织不会象国际贸易组织那样中途夭折，也不会象关贸总协定那样软弱被动，它将在成员国之间不断的冲突与妥协中存在并发挥比较强有力的作用。     

从创新中塑造企业核心竞争力

在市场边界瞬息万变的复杂商业环境下 ,只有真正具有核心竞争力的企业才可能驾驭市场 ,实现可持续发展。而核心竞争力来自于不断的创新 ,企业的核心竞争力要从技术、产品、管理和营销的创新中加以创造     

The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance

Effective supply chain management (SCM) has become a potentially valuable way of securing competitive advantage and improving organizational performance since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains. This research conceptualizes and develops five dimensions of SCM practice (strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, and postponement) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, competitive advantage, and organizational performance. Data for the study were collected from 196 organizations and the relationships proposed in the framework were tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that higher levels of SCM practice can lead to enhanced competitive advantage and improved organizational performance. Also, competitive advantage can have a direct, positive impact on organizational performance.     

An exploratory study of manufacturing strategy practices of machinery manufacturing companies in India

This paper presents findings of a survey on manufacturing strategy practices adopted by the Indian machinery manufacturing companies (IMMC). Based on the survey, three companies have been selected for detailed case studies. Their experiences in the manufacturing strategy process are analyzed. Although the companies represented diversity in terms of product type, sales volume, and geographic location, they share several commonalties including use of advanced manufacturing technologies and use of several improvement techniques. The process of strategy formulation varied among the companies in terms of participants, complexity and degree of formalization. Competitive priorities, order winners and critical success factors are also identified for these companies. Based on strategic manufacturing issues, manufacturing competence index and business performance index for the companies has been worked out.     

产业集群:提升天津滨海新区竞争力的战略选择

产业集群的研究已经成为地区或国家竞争力研究以及区域经济研究的热点.在发达国家,基于产业集群而形成的集群经济早已成为区域经济的重要板块和亮点.本文通过对产业集群理论的回顾以及对产业集群竞争优势的研究,深入思考天津滨海新区所特有的经济条件和发展优势,提出了为提升区域竞争力、加快实施产业集群的经济发展战略.     

企业竞争优势的经济学分析

本文尝试用经济学的分析方法和工具,研究分析竞争优势的经济学含义与衡量标准,为竞争优势的定量分析提供分析框架;运用垄断竞争企业模型诠释竞争战略的经济学含义,揭示竞争优势差异和演化的规律;用经济租金理论分析竞争优势形成和持续的原因,认为只有创新才是企业竞争优势的不竭之源。     

企业信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的实证研究——基于RBV理论视角

本文研究目的是探讨企业信息技术能力的构成维度、概念测量以及其实现信息化成功的影响机制.基于我国信息化的实践,作者以企业资源理论(RBV)与以往文献为基础,研究并建立了信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的理论模型,认为IT基础设施、IT管理技能以及业务/IT之间关系能力三者共同交互并影响了信息技术在企业中的扩散与吸收.作者通过问卷调查法收集数据,运用结构方程模型进行实证分析,分步骤验证了信息技术能力的概念测量模型以及对信息化成功影响的结构关系模型.本研究将有助于指导企业识别和培育核心信息技术能力.从而实现信息化成功及其推动的持续竞争优势.     

对组织学习、核心竞争能力、战略柔性与企业竞争绩效的理论剖析与实证研究 --探索中国企业增强动态竞争优势之路

在当前超强竞争时代,组织学习、核心竞争能力和战略柔性,越来越成为企业竞争的焦点问题,成为企业营造持久的动态竞争优势的战略武器.本文在对前人有关研究进行回顾、总结和归纳的基础上,开创性地把企业核心竞争能力划分为技术能力、市场营销能力和整合能力这三个关键构成要素,识别出组织学习的三个关键维度,深入剖析了战略柔性的内涵与本质,并在此基础上,论述了它们之间的互动关系及其对企业竞争绩效的影响.最后,本文以来自中国企业的实际调研数据为基础,运用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型(SEM),对上述问题进行了实证分析,剖析了本项研究对中国企业管理的启示.     

Proactive international strategies of cluster SMEs

In this conceptual paper, proactive international strategies of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the cluster context are discussed. The majority of cluster SMEs assume passive roles as network participants in the process of internationalisation. However, a smaller fraction adopts proactive strategies to foreign expansion acting as leaders of networks. SMEs as network leaders are embedded in the source clusters and dependent on local networks that provide them with complementary resources. We assert that this mutual dependence between a firm's resources and the development of industrial agglomeration should be reflected in the strategic options that SMEs adopt when going international. This paper contributes by synthesising and evaluating a comprehensive range of SME-strategic options and by proposing the proactive competitive strategies of SMEs in the international arena that are both feasible and effective. The feasibility of adopting a specific strategy means the suitability for this group of companies, considering their characteristics. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each strategy was performed according to the objectives of avoiding lock-in and of protecting and developing the core competencies embedded in cluster networks. We address the research gap in evaluating the outcomes of SME international strategies and in synthesising a comprehensive range of cluster SMEs' strategic options.     

从确认到竞争:被选举权的民主建构

被选举权是标志和象征人民作为"主权者"的地位和身份之基本权利。公民依法主动竞争公共职位是被选举权作为民主权利的内在要求,也是市场经济需要竞争性政治的折射。被选举权的激活对于选拔政治人才,强化权力受托人的责任意识,推动公民参与,促进权力可持续发展,培养公民人格等具有特殊意义。规范被选举权的运作,需要建立和完善权力角逐的平等竞争规则、筛选过滤机制、对当选者的监督制约机制以及纠纷化解体系。