略谈日语的朦胧风格

要学好日语 ,除了掌握其语法知识和必要的词汇量 ,并训练听、说、读、写等方面的能力外 ,还应该了解日本人的语言特性。日语与其他语言相比 ,最大的特点就是它的朦胧风格。本文列举了日语的几种朦胧表现 ,并对其风格的形成原因作了探析     

Testing equality of variances for several normal populations

In this study, we develop a test based on computational approach for the equality of variances of several normal populations. The proposed method is numerically compared with the existing methods. The numeric results demonstrate that the proposed method performs very well in terms of type I error rate and power of test. Furthermore we study the robustness of the tests by using simulation study when the underlying data are from t, exponential and uniform distributions. Finally we analyze a real dataset that motivated our study using the proposed test.     

Using small data to interpret big data: 311 reports as individual contributions to informal social control in urban neighborhoods

Informal social control is considered a vital component of the well-being of urban communities. Though some argue that the actions that constitute this social process are often said to reflect territoriality, little else is known about how individuals contribute to it. The current study leverages a database of over 600,000 requests for government services received by the city of Boston, MA's 311 system as a way to answer such questions, focusing particularly on reports of issues in the public space arising from incivilities. In order to establish construct validity for the “big data” of the 311 system, they are combined with the “small data” of a survey of 311 users, permitting the simultaneous analysis of objective reporting behaviors with self-report attitudes. The analysis occurs in two parts. First, reporting of incivilities is distinguished behaviorally from reporting public issues arising from natural deterioration, and people are found to specialize in one or the other. Second, the survey is used to test whether the reports are a reflection of territoriality. Reports of incivilities were unique in their association with a desire to enforce local social norms. They were also associated with a second territorial motivation to benefit the community. Implications for future research are discussed.     

功能语境视域的《论语》歧义句语内翻译模式研究

语内翻译是典籍翻译过程中一个重要步骤,其对典籍歧义句的处理直接影响最终的翻译质量。在功能语境理论框架内,采用宏观功能语境分析和自下而上的具体分析相结合的方法,以《论语·学而篇》第8章“学则不固”的“固”字为例,对《论语》歧义句语内翻译进行研究,探讨可操作的翻译模式。研究发现在歧义句语内翻译过程中进行语境还原,有助消除词汇歧义;研究认为“学则不固”的“固”字应作“固陋”解译。      

从比较中看应用语言学

通过对《牛津应用语言学手册》和《应用语言学手册》的比较分析,我们对应用语言学的定义和研究领域有了一个更为深刻的认识.尽管目前仍没有一个统一的应用语言学定义,但该领域绝大多数学者都认同,应用语言学是一门解决人类在现实生活中遇到的各种语言问题的学科.     

Computational approach test for inference about several correlation coefficients: Equality and common

In this article, we consider inference about the correlation coefficients of several bivariate normal distributions. We first propose computational approach tests for testing the equality of the correlation coefficients. In fact, these approaches are parametric bootstrap tests, and simulation studies show that they perform very satisfactory, and the actual sizes of these tests are better than other existing approaches. We also present a computational approach test and a parametric bootstrap confidence interval for inference about the parameter of common correlation coefficient. At the end, all the approaches are illustrated using two real examples.     

《现代汉语》与《语言学概论》教学的对接研究

本文从教学内容、教学方法改革的角度对现代汉语与语言学概论课程的对接教学进行了研究和探讨。     

印欧语系的起源及特点

比较语言学将人类语言分为29个语系,印欧语系是其中影响最大、分布最广的语系之一。印欧语系包括10个语族,50多种语言。印欧语系以北欧为中心向欧洲大陆东、西两端延伸,在南亚次大陆及非洲南端等地区也有分布。从进化论的角度分析,印欧语系的祖先可能是库尔干人、盖尔·凯尔特人、亚利安人或土耳其人。印欧语系的辅音系统的发音方式主要有爆破音、鼻音、延续音和半辅音,其发音部位主要有唇、齿、硬腭和软腭。     

Emergence and Communication in Computational Sociology

Computational sociology models social phenomena using the concepts of emergence and downward causation. However, the theoretical status of these concepts is ambiguous; they suppose too much ontology and are invoked by two opposed sociological interpretations of social reality: the individualistic and the holistic. This paper aims to clarify those concepts and argue in favour of their heuristic value for social simulation. It does so by proposing a link between the concept of emergence and Luhmann's theory of communication. For Luhmann, society emerges from the bottom‐up as communication and he describes the process by which society limits the possible selections of individuals as downward causation. It is argued that this theory is well positioned to overcome some epistemological drawbacks in computational sociology.     

解除方程组中四个变量为一组线性约束条件的数学处理方法

应用有限元方法求解流体力学或其他工程枝术问题,通常所得线性代数方程组的系数矩阵具有对称性。当方程组中有任意4个待定变量具有线性约束时,则可使用本文提供的数学处理方法,使原先n阶对称的系数矩阵在解除上述形式的约束条件后,方程组的阶次不变,而且系数矩阵仍具有对称性质。并且以此编制了计算机程序。