预期违约与不安抗辩制度的研究

探讨预期违约与不安抗辩制度的渊源和特征 ,比较研究两种制度的法律内涵 ,指出预期违约与不安抗辩制度相互独立 ,不可替代 ,各有优劣。分析《中华人民共和国合同法》所确立的预期违约与不安抗辩制度 ,是在借鉴吸收国外立法经验基础上的历史性突破 ,标志着我国合同制度的进一步完善     

完善我国合同法应借鉴《国际商事合同通则》

1999年10月1日后正式实施的《中华人民共和国合同法》已经借鉴了当今发达国家先进的合同法立法经验和国际惯例,但与其它国家和有关国际公约的立法相比较,若干条文和规定仍然是粗线条的。文章以《国际商事合同通则》为例与我国合同法对比,探讨了我国合同立法在合同的成立、合同效力问题、精神损害赔偿、“意外条款”的效力、合同的解释等方面的一些缺陷,以期对我国合同法的完善有所借鉴。     

格式条款法律特征刍议

格式条款是合同法上的重要制度。我国现有合同法论著一般并未将格式条款的构成要件作为一个独立问题加以研究，笔者主要从六个方面分析讨论了格式条款的法律特征，即制订方面的特征、适用范围方面的特征、内容方面的特征、当事人关系方面的特征、形式方面的特征、解释方面的特征。     

The Roles Played by the Staff and Workers’ Representative Congress in the Formation of Work Regulations

Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law lays down the right of the Staff and Workers’ Representative Congress (SWRC) to deliberate on the formulation of (intra-enterprise) work regulations, but this has become a “soft” law in judicial practice. The judicial criteria for judging the validity of work regulations are in essence determined by the judge’s judgment on their reasonableness. As an important embodiment of Chinese politics, economics and culture, the transformation of the SWRC that accompanied the market economy has not negated its value as an indigenous traditional resource. The SWRC does not just enjoy deliberative rights in the formation of regulations, as clearly specified in constitutional law, but also has rights under the law in local legislation and practice. Hence the system of work regulations is neither a unilateral decision on the part of management nor a contract, but rather an autonomous norm developed through the SWRC mechanism. Given the mandatory nature of Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law, regulations will only be valid after they have gone through a democratic process. The further development of the theory of normative system formation should endow the SWRC with greater rights and integrate it smoothly with the collective contract system to standardize collective labor relations.     

Countering Overseas Power in Global Value Chains: Information Asymmetries and Subcontracting in the Plastics Industry

Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis have been deployed in the strategic and international management literatures to address questions of power in dyadic relationships and global production networks, respectively. This paper integrates the two theoretical approaches in order to expand RDT, using insights from Hirschman's exit/voice model to show the options available to some firms but not others. Using the relationship between buyers and contract manufacturers from GVC analysis, we find a correlation between firm size and choice of strategic action in response to contract manufacturers' dependence on buyers. Large firms follow an acquiescence strategy while small manufacturers follow an avoidance strategy, able to use both exit and voice strategies. Enabled by scale or control over information, both of these approaches successfully reduce uncertainty and provide a source of sustained competitive advantage. Using a study of the production chain in consumer plastics manufacturing in China, we show how dependent firms respond to GVC induced pressure. We find that based on the size of the contract manufacturer, the range of strategic responses to power is constrained by the nature of the dependency in global value chains. This opens important insights into the role that structural characteristics of organizations (like size) play in determining strategic freedom.     

节能服务法律制度研究

节能不是义务,而是一种商品,一个产业,节能服务更是一种产业。节能的时代要求催生了数千亿元的节能服务市场,但是节能服务法律制度的不完善严重制约着节能服务市场的发展,本文希望通过对节能服务法律制度的研究,提出一些对我国节能服务市场发展的可行性建议。     

零售商双渠道供应链定价及协调研究

研究了零售商双渠道供应链的定价策略和协调问题,建立制造商和零售商两方博弈模型,分析了集中决策和分散决策两种情境下的定价决策均衡解,并设计收入共享契约来解决零售商双渠道存在的双重边际化效应。结果表明,零售商需要提供合理的收入分配比例才能实现供应链各成员利润的Pareto改进,并最终协调整个双渠道供应链。在双渠道竞争环境下,线上线下不能采取完全同价策略,企业应针对不同渠道的具体情况制定不同的销售价格。     

投保人信赖利益保护问题

就如何维护投保人的信赖利益这一问题,理论上存在三种方案,即扩大合同成立的可能性、认定存在先合同义务以及扩大保险人的侵权责任范围.通过合同法或侵权法的一般原则来保护投保人的信赖利益均有可能侵蚀合同自由原则.相对而言,先合同义务理论实际上是一种理性平衡裁判术,在类型化的限制之下,既可维护合同自由,又可实现个案正义.     

国家起源论

国家是拥有最高权力及其管理组织或政府的社会,是最大且最高的社会。因此,一方面,从人的社会本性来看,国家必然起源于每个人对于社会最大化的需要和使各种社会成为一个统一整体的需要。这是国家的内在的、间接的和终级的起源。另一方面,从国家实际的产生状况来看,任何权力无疑必然都产生、形成和起源于社会成员的普遍同意;最高权力属于权力范畴,因而必定产生、形成和起源于社会成员的普遍同意。任何两个以上的人就某种利益交换关系所达成的同意无疑都是契约。于是,最高权力或国家便必然直接产生、形成和起源于契约,起源于社会成员就最高权力所关涉的权利与义务等利益之交换所缔结的契约。但究竟起源于何种最高权力契约则是偶然的:唯有起源于民主地缔结的民主的最高权力契约,才是善的、应该的和道德的;否则便是恶的、不应该和不道德的。这是国家的直接的外在的起源。     

Chinese Contract Law and the Economic Reform

China’s previous contract laws had many contradictions and failed to meet the needs of China’s developing market economy. Although some problems still need to be dealt with, the unified contract law is more advanced, systematic and plays an important role in fostering and encouraging transactions.