财政幻觉假说的实证检验

财政幻觉假说是公共选择理论下解释政府规模增长的理论之一。依据财政幻觉假说的经验方程，将“财政幻觉”分解为“赤字幻觉”与“预期幻觉”，以中国1978～2004年的年度数据，采用邹氏转折点检验、协整分析和误差修正模型，对“财政幻觉”与政府规模增长的关系进行实证检验。结果表明，“财政幻觉”是中国政府规模增长的原因之一，其中“赤字幻觉”的存在未得到显著证实，但“预期幻觉”对政府规模有正的显著影响。     

养老保险可持续发展调整机制研究

在人口老龄化压力下,各国公共养老金体系普遍面临逐步增大的支付压力,为维持系统的可持续发展,各国纷纷引入了自动调整机制。本文对公共养老金自动调整机制的国际经验做了比较分析,总结了自动调整机制的机理、特点和类型,结合我国社会养老保险的实践,测算分析了不同调整机制对制度可持续性和待遇充足性的影响,探讨了自动调整机制在我国的适用性。最后给出我国建立养老保险调整机制的建议。     

我国财政赤字与国债规模的现实性思考

改革开放以来 ,国家实施赤字预算使国债发行成为弥补赤字的主要方法。随着经济的持续稳定增长 ,赤字和国债的规模都呈不断扩大的趋势 ,尤其是近几年来 ,为扩大内需而实施的积极财政政策使国债累积余额以超过 30 %的年增长率上升 ,因此如果不考虑对国债适度规模的控制 ,就有引发国家财政风险的可能。     

论全球化进程中"民主赤字"的消除

在全球化迅猛发展的背景下,国际规则的制定以及国际组织的活动日益活跃,而"民主赤字"的问题也愈加显著.为保证全球化背景下"全球治理"的合法性和有效性,必须从国家间层次以及全球民众的角度考察消除"民主赤字"的问题.具体地讲,必须适当扩大非政府组织与发展中国家在国际规则的制定及国际组织决策程序中的参与度,并加强发展中国家参与能力的建设.而在这种消除"民主赤字"的进程中,加强非政府组织与发展中国家之间的合作是必要的.     

人口老龄化背景下南京市养老保险基金运行状况

面对南京市老年人口总量持续增加、抚养比快速上升且高龄化增势明显的老龄化发展趋势,该市的养老保险基金运作中存在着养老金缺口增大、个人帐户空帐运行、养老金工资替代率偏高等问题。据此,建议采取扩大养老保险覆盖范围、分别征集和管理统筹基金和个人帐户、鼓励开办企业年金等补充养老计划等措施,以有效解决问题并防范养老金风险。     

Impact of age and symptom severity on parent-child relationships and self-perception among Chinese children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Little information is available on the effect of parent-child relationships on self-perception among Chinese children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Hong Kong. This study examined the impact of children’s age and symptom severity on the linkage of quality parent-child relationships to perceived competence/hope among children with ADHD. A clinical sample of 81 school-age children (ages 5–11, mean age = 8.38) who were diagnosed with ADHD were recruited in this study. Separate questionnaires were employed to collect data among children and their parents in the pre-treatment phase. Parent-child relationships were positively correlated with self-perception of children with ADHD, with physical competence to be father-child specific. Children’s age had moderated the correlation between mother-child relationship and children’s hope. Maternal role on children’s hope was significant for the mild symptom group; paternal role on children’s hope was significant for the severe symptom group. No moderation effect was found for symptom severity on the correlation between parent-child relationship and children’s self-perception. The study’s findings helped mental health professionals in a Chinese context to develop psychosocial interventions to foster quality parent-child relationships, which in turn will maintain children’s self-perception. Implications for social work practice are discussed.     

Impulsivity and Sustained Attention in Pathological Gamblers: Influence of Childhood ADHD History

Pathological gambling (PG) has been associated to both impulsiveness and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different studies. Our objective was to compare different impulsivity and sustained attention variables, using both behavioural tasks and self-administered questionnaires, in a group of pathological gamblers with a history of childhood ADHD (PG-ADHD; n = 16), a group of pathological gamblers without this history (PG-non-ADHD; n = 39), and a control group (n = 40). As instruments of measure, we used the stop signal task (to evaluate inhibitory control/impulsivity), the differential reinforcement of Low Rate Responding Task (delay of gratification/impulsivity) and the Continuous Performance Test (sustained attention). The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) was used as a self-administered questionnaire to measure impulsiveness.Our results show that patients in the PG-ADHD group exhibit a significantly lower capacity to delay gratification than those in the PG-non-ADHD and control groups, and less inhibitory control than patients in the PG-non-ADHD group. On self-administered questionnaires such as the BIS-11 the PG-ADHD group obtained higher scores than the PG-non-ADHD and control groups. However, no differences were found with respect to sustained attention using the CPT.Our results suggest a possible selective implication of the prefrontal cortex in PG, which would be especially evident in those with a childhood history of ADHD.     

Remote dwelling Aboriginal Australian women and birthing: A critical review of literature

Problem

Australian Aboriginal women’s aspirations for birthing on country (having our babies born on our traditional land) are increasingly being reported in Australian scholarly and policy literature. However given the paucity of publications authored by Aboriginal Australians from remote areas of Australia, how well can the current knowledge base in Australia inform the development of culturally appropriate maternity services for our communities?

促进注意缺损多动障碍儿童提高学习效能的教育策略

国内外对注意缺损多动障碍 (ADHD)的研究日趋重视。本文介绍了这方面的研究状况及ADHD儿童的学习困难问题 ,同时讨论了改善和促进其学习效能的教育指导原理与干预策略