依那普利联合氯沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病合并高血压的疗效

目的观察依那普利联合氯沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病(DN)合并高血压的临床疗效。方法 70例DN患者随机分为观察组38例及对照组32例,对照组常规治疗的基础上给予氯沙坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用依那普利,两组均连续治疗12周。结果两组均有较佳的降压疗效,组间无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后两组血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)及24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)均较治疗前显著下降(P0.01),且观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论依那普利联合氯沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病合并高血压疗效确切,其对肾功能的改善效果较单用氯沙坦更优,且不增加不良反应。     

Evaluating Weight of Evidence in the Mystery of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic, progressive wasting disease of the kidneys, endemic in certain rural regions of the Balkan nations Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania. It is irreversible and ultimately fatal. Though this disease was first described in the 1950s, its causes have been a mystery and a source of much academic and clinical contention. Possible etiologic agents that have been explored include exposure to metals and metalloids, viruses and bacteria, and the dietary toxins aristolochic acid (AA) and ochratoxin A (OTA). AA is a toxin produced by weeds of the genus Aristolochia, common in Balkan wheat fields. Aristolochia seeds may intermingle with harvested grains and thus inadvertently enter human diets. OTA is a mycotoxin (fungal toxin) common in many foods, including cereal grains. In this study, we analyzed the weight of evidence for each of the suspected causes of BEN using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC): nine conditions that determine weight of evidence for a causal relationship between an agent and a disease. Each agent postulated to cause BEN was evaluated using the nine criteria, and for each criterion was given a rating based on the strength of the association between exposure to the substance and BEN. From the overall available scientific evidence for each of these suspected risk factors, AA is the agent with the greatest weight of evidence in causing BEN. We describe other methods for testing causality from epidemiological studies, which support this conclusion of AA causing BEN.     

Regular physical exercise in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

It is widely accepted that regular physical exercise helps diabetic patients control blood glucose, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, and prevent other related complications. In spite of the undoubted benefits of regular physical exercise, diabetic patients with chronic complications should be aware of potential hazards of practicing exercise. To avoid some harmful consequences of acute exercise, it is necessary to adopt a vigilant attitude with these risk patients and to carefully adjust type and intensity of exercise to the individual situation. This article intends to summarize and analyze the current literature concerning the preventive and therapeutic effects of regular exercise in diabetic patients, pointing out its physiological influence on blood glucose regulation, and to analyze the potential risks of acute physical exercise and the precautions given to patients with a variety of complications.     

尿微量白蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇在糖尿病肾病检测中的意义

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的关系.方法 测定185例DN患者的mALB、hsCRP、LDL-C水平,根据尿白蛋白排泄率分为正常蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组、临床蛋白尿组,统计各组尿mALB、hsCRP、LDL-C水平;以100例健康检查者为对照组.结果 DN各组尿mALB、hsCRP、LDL-C水平均高于对照组,DN各组hsCRP、尿mALB水平有显著差异(P<0.05).结论 hsCRP、尿mALB和LDL-C与2型糖尿病肾病的发生、发展有密切联系;hsCRP和尿mALB在早期诊断DN方面优于LDL-C.     

Evaluation of the relationship between microalbuminuria and 25-(OH) vitamin D levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: 25-(OH) vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been described as potential risk factor for the development of diabetes in many epidemiological studies. 25-(OH) VD deficiency and insulin resistance associated with this deficiency are common findings in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between 25-(OH) VD levels and microalbuminuria.

Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40 and 65 years, who were admitted to the diabetes outpatient clinics of our hospital, were evaluated in two different groups. The first group consisted of 119 patients with insufficient 25-(OH) VD levels (10–30?ng/mL) and the second group consisted of 121 patients with 25-(OH) VD deficiency (≤10?ng/mL). The relationship between 25-(OH) VD levels and the level of microalbuminuria was evaluated in the two groups.

Results: The mean 25-(OH) VD level was 11.5?ng/mL and the mean HbA1c level was 9.1%. When the patient groups were evaluated according to 25-(OH) VD levels, HbA1c values were significantly higher in patients with a 25-(OH) VD level of 10?ng/mL or lower (p?=?.039). 25-(OH) VD levels were not significantly different between patients with different stages of renal failure (p?=?.119), whereas the level of microalbuminuria was significantly different (p?=?.030).

Conclusions: This study found that the level of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients with 25-(OH) vitamin D deficiency compared to patients with 25-(OH) VD insufficiency.     

糖尿病足的中西医护理新进展

糖尿病足是糖尿病患者的常见慢性并发症之一,其发病率呈现逐年增高的趋势,一旦患上糖尿病足将给患者造成身心上的极大痛苦,甚至导致截肢,严重影响患者的生活质量。但采取积极有效的预防和护理措施可以有效预防发生、阻止糖尿病足的进展,现将近几年糖尿病足的中西医护理新进展综述如下。     

脂联素、高敏C-反应蛋白与2型糖尿病肾病关系的探讨

目的探讨糖尿病患者血清脂联素、高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）在糖尿病肾病发生发展中的作用。方法测定正常人、糖尿病组（单纯糖尿病组、微量白蛋白尿组、蛋白尿组）患者共120例研究对象的血清脂联素、hs-CRP水平,并分析其与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白等指标的关系。结果糖尿病组血清脂联素水平明显低于正常对照组,而hs-CRP水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）。糖尿病组中微量白蛋白尿组和蛋白尿组两个亚组血清脂联素水平明显高于单纯糖尿病组,而hs-CRP水平明显低于单纯糖尿病组（P〈0.05）。脂联素与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、hs-CRP正相关（F=6.29,P〈0.05）。结论脂联素、hs-CRP与糖尿病肾病发生、发展有关,检测血清二者水平可能对早期诊断和评估糖尿病肾病有作用。     

达美康缓释片治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探讨达美康缓释片在老年2型糖尿病中的应用价值。方法达美康缓释片（30～60）mg／日,一次服用．观察治疗前后的空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白,空腹胰岛素及体质指数等指标,疗程8周。结果经达美康缓释片治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于治疗前,而餐后30分钟胰岛素水平较治疗前升高,治疗中无严重低血糖反应。结论达美康缓释片能有效降低老年2型糖尿病患者的空腹、餐后2小时血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平,并能增加早期时相的胰岛素分泌。     

大剂量瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病患者PCI术后对比剂肾病的预防作用及护理干预

目的：探讨大剂量瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病患者PCI术后对比剂肾病（ CIN）的预防作用及其护理干预效果。方法入选在本院心内科行PCI手术的糖尿病患者82例,随机分为常规剂量组（41例）、大剂量组（41例）。两组分别予PCI术前48小时开始给予瑞舒伐他汀10 mg、20 mg口服,比较两组对比剂肾病的发生率。结果大剂量组CIN发生率低于常规治疗组。结论大剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗可降低糖尿病患者PCI术后对比剂肾病的发生率,术前及术后护理干预可以提高患者依从性,进而降低CIN发生率。