Disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology learning algorithm

As an effective tool for data storage, processing, and computing, ontology has been used in many fields of computer science and information technology. By means of its powerful performance on semantic query and knowledge extraction, domain ontology has been built on various disciplines such as biology, pharmaceutics, geography, chemistry, etc. and been smoothly employed for their engineering applications. In these ontology applications, we aim to get an optimal ontology function which maps each ontology to a real number and then determine the similarity between concepts by the distance of their corresponding real numbers. In former ontology learning approaches, all the instances in the training sample have equal status in the learning process. In this article, we present the disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology algorithm in which the important ontology data will be highlighted during the learning, and the relevant ontology data tend to be eliminated. Four experiments are designed to test the serviceability of our disequilibrium multi-dividing algorithm from angles of ontology similarity measuring and ontology mapping construction.     

Bayesian Inference in Dynamic Disequilibrium Models: An Application to the Polish Credit Market

We propose a Bayesian approach for inference in a dynamic disequilibrium model. To circumvent the difficulties raised by the Maddala and Nelson (1974) specification in the dynamic case, we analyze a dynamic extended version of the disequilibrium model of Ginsburgh et al. (1980). We develop a Gibbs sampler based on the simulation of the missing observations. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by an empirical analysis of the Polish credit market, for which we conduct a specification search using the posterior deviance criterion of Spiegelhalter et al. (2002).     

Bayesian Inference in Dynamic Disequilibrium Models: An Application to the Polish Credit Market

We propose a Bayesian approach for inference in a dynamic disequilibrium model. To circumvent the difficulties raised by the Maddala and Nelson (1974 Maddala , G. , Nelson , F. ( 1974 ). Maximum likelihood methods for models of markets in disequilibrium . Econometrica 42 ( 6 ): 1013 – 1030 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) specification in the dynamic case, we analyze a dynamic extended version of the disequilibrium model of Ginsburgh et al. (1980 Ginsburgh , V. , Tishler , A. , Zang , I. ( 1980 ). Alternative estimation methods for two regime models . European Economic Review 13 : 207 – 228 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We develop a Gibbs sampler based on the simulation of the missing observations. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by an empirical analysis of the Polish credit market, for which we conduct a specification search using the posterior deviance criterion of Spiegelhalter et al. (2002 Spiegelhalter , D. J. , Best , N. G. , Carlin , B. P. , Van Der Linde , A. ( 2002 ). Bayesian measures of complexity and fit . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Ser. B 64 : 583 – 639 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]).     

中国信贷市场的配适性分析

为了研究中国信贷市场供求配适性状况,以及造成中国信贷投放总量错配的主要因素,文章利用1997-2009年2季度中国信贷市场季度数据,采用最大似然方法估计信贷供求非均衡模型参数,实证结果表明：（1）信贷供给小于信贷需求为32个季度,信贷供给大于信贷需求为15个季度,其中1997-2001年以及2005-2007年存在严重的供小于求现象;而2002-2004年及2008年3季度以来存在信贷供大于求现象,其中2009年第1季度信贷超额供给占观察到的实际信贷量的比例为18.37%;（2）中国信贷市场上银行信贷能力是影响信贷供给的重要变量,信贷能力越高,社会上的贷款就越多,而2009年来的信贷大幅投放已经超过了银行的实际信贷能力。     

Semi-parametric estimation of disequilibrium models

This paper presents an easy-to-compute semi-parametric (SP) method to estimate a simple disequilibrium model proposed by Fair and Jaffee (1972). The proposed approach is based on a non-parametric interpretation of the EM (Expectation and Maximization) principle (Dempster et al; 1977) and the least squares method. The simple disequilibrium model includes the demand equation, the supply equation, and the condition that only the minimum of quantity demanded and quantity supplied is observed. The method used here allows one to consistently estimate the disequilibrium model without fully specifying the distribution of error terms in both demand and supply equations. Our Monte Carlo study suggests that the proposedestimator is better than the normal maximum likelihood estimator under asymmetric error distributions. and comparable to the nlaximunl likelihood estimator under synirnetric error distributions in finite samples. Aggregate U.S. labor market data from Quandt and Rosen (1988) is used to illustrate the procedure.     

中国经济结构的演化及其增长效益的测度分析

 摘　　要:改革开放以来，中国在经济总量和人均收入持续提高的同时，经济结构也发生了巨大的变化。经济结构的变化不仅是经济发展的一部分，而且也是经济持续增长的一个重要动力和源泉。本文通过对Feder非均衡经济增长模型的拓展，建立了一个可同时测度经济结构变化的增长效益和投资数量及其效率的增长效益的非均衡计量经济模型。模型的分析表明，工业化和城市化的交互作用所导致的经济结构变动对中国近三十年来的经济增长具有巨大的推动作用，是推动中国经济持续高速增长的一个主要动力。模型的分析也表明，投资建设中的浪费和资本使用效率的低下，是目前中国经济发展过程中亟待解决的主要问题。经济发展不仅需要关注GDP的增长，更应该关注社会财富的增长和积累。     

中国宏观经济失衡指数研究

 本文将我国宏观经济划分为5大领域,13个类别,再细分为32个组,设置了93个年度宏观经济失衡指标,提出了判断经济失衡的8个标准和确定均衡值的9种方法,按年度测算了每个指标的失衡度,在此基础上用组合权重和层次分析方法逐层综合,构建了一个宏观经济失衡指数,实际测算了2001-2007年我国宏观经济总体失衡度。分析了我国宏观经济各主要方面的失衡情况并提出了相应的政策建议。     

健康动态谱：一种研究非自愿移民群体迁后健康轨迹的新思路

笔者通过对国内外几种有关“非自愿移民”的定义、分类模式和政策取向的分析,发现在这些方面均缺乏对非自愿移民群体健康期望的描述和对该群体健康失衡问题的关注。笔者认为这导致了相关政策中对非自愿移民群体成员健康失衡补偿的缺失,由此提出对非自愿移民群体健康进行研究的必要性。笔者还提出了“健康动态谱”的概念及其调查方法以补充以往的研究模式．希望此种方法的实践结果能为非自愿移民群体的健康研究及补偿工作提供科学依据。     

Econometric disequilibrium models

Four basic strands in the disequilibrium literature are identified. Some examples are discussed and the canonical econometric disequilibrium model and its estimation are dealt with in detail. Specific criticisms of the canonical model,dealing with price and wage rigidity, with the nature of the min condition and the price-adjustment equation, are considered and a variety of modifications is entertained. Tests of the “equilibrium vs. disequilibrium” hypothesis are discussed, as well as several classes of models that may switch between equilibrium and disequilibrium modes. Finally, consideration is given to multimarket disequilibrium models with particular emphasis on the problems of coherence and estimation.     

竞争性牧业、草原生态与牧民生计维系

市场化进程在内蒙古草原的推进,使得农牧民的生计适应模式由生态适应变为市场适应。本来具有生态多样性、畜牧业生产、牧民生活、民族文化、旅游休闲、民族多样性维系、边疆稳定与国防安全、食品安全等多种功能的草原畜牧业,在食品工业化、农牧业产业化、农牧产品国际间自由贸易的条件下,被单一化为竞争性牧业,仅仅生产功能和少部分产业化的旅游休闲功能被强调,从而使得草原牧业的其他功能被剥蚀、改造,甚至无从发挥,由此也危及草原生态环境的可持续和牧民的生计与文化维系。认识草原生态环境和人类活动的特殊关联,并采取科学化的生计适应方案,可以缓解牧民、牧业和牧区这＂三牧＂问题。走出竞争性牧业,以及背后的单一市场逻辑,才有可能朝向草原生态、民族文化保护、边疆稳定与国防安全等多功能性持续发挥的道路。