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1.
This report evaluates the extent of perceived and enacted HIV/AIDS-related stigma in a rural setting in Zambia. Stigmatisation is abundant, ranging from subtle actions to the most extreme degradation, rejection and abandonment. Women with HIV and pregnant women assumed to be HIV positive are repeatedly subjected to extensive forms of stigma, particularly once they become sick or if their child dies. Despite increasing access to prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives, including anti-retroviral drugs, the perceived disincentives of HIV testing, particularly for women, largely outweigh the potential gains from available treatments. HIV/AIDS related stigma drives the epidemic underground and is one of the main reasons that people do not wish to know their HIV status. Unless efforts to reduce stigma are, as one peer educator put it, “written in large letters in any HIV/AIDS campaign rather than small”, stigma will remain a major barrier to curbing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. 相似文献
2.
无论从任何角度考察,权利都以政府的巨大财政成本作为后盾,否则权利便无从实现。当现代政府的公共利益责任与权利成本发生矛盾时,如何协调二者之间的关系,将权利成本最小化、公共利益最大化,就成为理论界与实务界必须承担的责任。 相似文献
3.
知识产权·人权·发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
吴峰 《上海理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,27(3):28-31
现有的知识产权制度正在朝着保护经济利益的方向发展,也因此引发了世界范围内关于知识产权与人权问题上的争论。知识产权的提出与制度化发展是人类社会发展的必然结果,具有哲学、经济学上的合理性。从本质上看,知识产权属于私权。但同时知识产权也属于发展权的一个重要组成部分。只有对知识产权的发展权本质进行深入的探讨和研究,才能把握知识产权发展思想的真谛和实现知识产权制度的价值目标。 相似文献
4.
本文利用系统动力学动态仿真方法,根据乌鲁木齐市历年统计资料,以现实性与合理性为前提,按不同的经济发展速度、投入水平分为三个不同的方案,对乌鲁木齐市经济人口容量从2000年到2050年的50年内的变动趋势进行动态仿真运算,从而了解乌鲁木齐市经济人口容量系统内外因素的相互关系,探索其中主导因素及相关因素的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
5.
上海第四制药厂在抗生素生产过程系统节能技术研究中对该厂的热能供应系统提出了3个改造方案.本文以该热力系统为例,通过对各方案的技术经济分析比较,以揭示热力系统经济评估的内在含义,并提出了用参数“净年收益”作为评估依据之一的建议. 相似文献
6.
Maritta Lea Törrönen 《Australian Social Work》2014,67(1):135-150
AbstractThis paper discusses participatory research with young people who are leaving public care in Finland to begin independent lives. The aim of the research, organised by SOS Children's Villages International, was to bring about change in alternative care arrangements, particularly those involving young people's transition to independence. The project used a participatory research design based on employing care-leaving peers as co-researchers. This paper adheres to the methodological principles of empowerment in analysing the personal experiences of young people leaving alternative care with the goal of informing good practice. The findings suggest that the peer research method can be an effective means of empowering young people to develop research skills and to be involved in knowledge production, as well as serving as a means of promoting improved services for “care-leavers”, those young people who are leaving either foster care or institutional care. The participatory and peer research method challenges the traditional understandings of expertise and knowledge production. Although the hierarchy between adult researchers and young people as co-researchers is still evident, the method provides possibilities for better understanding the social- and health-service systems and their challenges and pitfalls from a user's perspective. 相似文献
7.
留守儿童是当前我国一个庞大而特殊的弱势群体。解决留守儿童问题,有赖于养育儿童观念的改变;遵守联合国《儿童权利公约》,确保不违背儿童父母的意愿使儿童和父母分离;给予农民工"国民待遇",取消户籍差别。 相似文献
8.
陈美珠 《陕西青年管理干部学院学报》2012,(1)
顶岗实习是学生在完成文化基础课、专业课以及校内专业实践课以后所进行的实践性教学环节。由于我国法律法规对顶岗实习学生合法权益尚未完善,导致顶岗实习学生在发生人身意外伤害事故时,维权非常困难。本文对顶岗实习的涵义、顶岗实习学生身份的界定和完善顶岗实习法律举措等几个方面的法律问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
9.
Paul Johnson 《The Sociological review》2014,62(3):547-564
This article offers a sociological analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Adopting a sociological jurisprudence approach, the article aims to demonstrate the unique and valuable contribution that sociology can make to understanding key aspects of international human rights law. Whilst the article seeks to develop an agenda for critical sociological research on human rights law, it also aims to persuade those charged with the supervision of human rights of the value of sociological analysis. To achieve this, the article focuses on three separate but inter‐related aspects of ECtHR jurisprudence: first, it considers the ECtHR's approach to consensus in its adjudication of human rights complaints; second, it examines the social control implications of the ECtHR's decisions and judgments; and third, it assesses how conceptualizations of social identity are often foundational to the ECtHR's reasoning. 相似文献
10.
Many firms that sell digital copies of copyrighted materials online face a common dilemma: the use of digital rights management (DRM) to impede pirates can impose restrictions on legitimate use. We introduce a two‐period model in which the use of DRM in the first period affects the probability that a consumer finds a pirated copy in the second period; the threat of legal action reduces consumers’ consumption of pirated copies; and firms choose whether to sell, and at what prices, either strongly or weakly DRM‐protected products, or both. Furthermore, we incorporate the role of uncertainty concerning future levels of piracy. Using a two‐period model with uncertainty, we investigate a firm's optimal DRM strategies and present the optimal pricing strategy as well as product launch strategy under different market conditions. We find that one important characteristic of the optimal strategy is that it is optimal to maintain the same product line configuration strategy for both periods. We also characterize the conditions under which each strategy is optimal. 相似文献