一种求解双目标线性规划的方法及其在上海市土地使用和交通方面的应用

本文介绍了一种求解双目标线性规划(SBLP)的方法.根据上海市土地使用与交通的现状建立了一个拟动态的模型(BOLT),并用该方法加以求解。根据得到的解对上海市土地使用与交通相互作用的情况进行了分析。     

经济发展、资源功能与中国的配置绩效

经济发展理论高度重视各种资源等劳动对象的开发利用。西方经济学的信仰者由于自身存在的认识论缺陷，难以科学认识劳动对象与经济发展的内在关系，进而也难以科学论述资源在发展理论及其模型中的作用和地位。因此，必须遵循马克思的方法论，从理论为实际的反映入手，建立科学的分析模型，以此指导中国经济发展方式的转变，建立生态与经济相协调的可持续发展的资源及能源支撑体系，调整、优化资源及能源的供给与需求结构。     

Incorporating balance concerns in resource allocation decisions: A bi-criteria modelling approach

We consider resource allocation problems where inputs are allocated to different entities such as activities, projects or departments. In such problems a common goal is achieving a desired balance in the allocation over different categories of the entities. We propose a bi-criteria framework for trading balance off against efficiency. We define and categorise indicators based on balance distribution and propose formulations and solution algorithms which provide insight into the balance-efficiency tradeoff. We illustrate our models by applying them to the data of a portfolio selection problem faced by a science funding agency and to randomly generated large-sized problem instances to demonstrate computational feasibility.     

Fiber optical network design problems: A case for Turkey

In this paper, we consider problems originating from one of the largest Internet service providers operating in Turkey. The company mainly faces two different design problems: the green field design (area with no Internet access) and the copper field re-design (area with limited access over copper networks). In the green field design problem, the aim is to design a least cost fiber optical network that will provide high bandwidth Internet access from a given central station to a set of aggregated demand nodes. Such an access can be provided either directly by installing fibers or indirectly by utilizing passive splitters. Insertion loss, bandwidth level and distance limitations should simultaneously be considered in order to provide a least cost design to enable the required service level. In the re-design of the copper field application, the aim is to improve the current service level by augmenting the network with fiber optical wires, specifically by adding cabinets to copper rings in the existing infrastructure and by constructing direct fiber links from cabinets to distant demand nodes. Mathematical models are constructed for both problem specifications. Extensive computational results based on realistic data from Kartal (45 nodes) and Bakırköy (74 nodes) districts in Istanbul show that the proposed models are viable exact solution methodologies for moderate dimensions.     

EMPIRICAL AND JUDGMENT-BASED SALES-FORCE DECISION MODELS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS*

Multiple-predictor empirical and single-predictor judgment-based models represent the two basic types of sales-force decision models (SDMs). The important similarities and differences between the two modeling approaches are identified and discussed. The SDM literature is reviewed to determine how each model type has been applied and to evaluate previous attempts at model validation. A research study designed to compare the normative sales-call allocations generated from each modeling approach is presented. Study results indicate that empirical and judgment-based SDMs would produce similar normative guidelines. The implications of this finding are discussed.     

AN APPROXIMATION TO THE HYPERCUBE MODEL WITH PATROL-INITIATED ACTIVITIES: AN APPLICATION TO POLICE

This paper applies the patrol-initiated-activity hypercube queuing model to historical data from a police agency. The model allows servers to handle both calls assigned by a central dispatcher and activities initiated by the servers. By duplicating a fairly complex dispatch strategy, the model was found to predict both assigned and server-initiated work loads accurately for the overall system and individual servers. The model is apparently ineffective in predicting small unit-travel-time differences for this police agency.     

Faculty Performance Evaluation: Modeling to Improve Personnel Decisions*

Based on likely future changes in faculty evaluation practices, this paper examines how institutions of higher education might operationalize performance evaluation as related to research, teaching, and service. A model is developed that allows coupling performance evaluation and relevant market considerations with merit pay, tenure, and promotion decisions. The approach is specifically applicable to tenure-track faculty members in colleges and universities.     

A note on efficient simulation of multidimensional spatial autoregressive processes

In applications of spatial statistics, it is necessary to compute the product of some matrix W of spatial weights and a vector y of observations. The weighting matrix often needs to be adapted to the specific problems, such that the computation of Wy cannot necessarily be done with available R-packages. Hence, this article suggests one possibility treating such issues. The proposed technique avoids the computation of the matrix product by calculating each entry of Wy separately. Initially, a specific spatial autoregressive process is introduced. The performance of the proposed program is briefly compared to a basic program using the matrix multiplication.     

Stale economic news,media and the stock market

I employ a classification of headlines from newspapers and wire services to examine whether stale macroeconomic news affects stock prices. Unlike with individual stocks, the cost of obtaining information about major economic releases is relatively low. Thus, stock prices should adjust to economic news announcements prior to their coverage in newspapers. I find statistically and economically significant relationship between stale news stories on unemployment and next week’s S&P 500 returns. This effect is then completely reversed during the following week. These findings show that investors are affected by salient information and support the hypothesis that investors overreact to stale macroeconomic news reported in newspapers.     

Ain't Behavin': Forecast Errors and Measurement Errors in Early GNP Estimates

Revisions of the early GNP estimates may contain elements of measurement errors as well as forecast errors. These types of error behave differently but need to satisfy a common set of criteria for well-behavedness. This article tests these criteria for U.S. GNP revisions. The tests are similar to tests of rationality and are based on the generalized method of moments estimator. The flash, 15-day, and 45-day estimates are found to be ill behaved, but the 75-day estimate satisfies the criteria for well-behavedness.