一集新的等面积伪圆柱投影

为了应用于世界地图的编制,本文提出一集新的等面积伪圆柱投影.     

日本声称拥有钓鱼岛领土权的论据辨析

自从上世纪70年代初中日钓鱼岛之争事起以来,日本声称拥有钓鱼岛主权的论据,大都出自1970年9月17日以琉球政府官方名义发表的“关于尖阁列岛的领土权”声明。之后,日本外务省根据该“声明”的精神,于1972年3月8日发表“尖阁列岛分明是日本领土”的官方见解,坚称钓鱼岛归属日本。“声明”和“见解”出笼后,成为日本历次官方发言人用来与中国交涉钓鱼岛主权的持论依据。尽管日方在申述自己的主张时提出许多理由和证据,但大致可归结为两点：一是经纬线划界法;二是无主地先占法。因此,本文在弄清日方所谓主张和论据的同时,对其“经纬线划界法”和“无主地先占法”的辩词,一并加以驳斥。     

Control, stress, and job satisfaction in Canadian nurses

The main effects of four domains of control (task, decision, resource, physical environment) on job satisfaction and their interactions with three types of job stressors (task demands, role conflict, interpersonal conflict) were examined in a sample of 765 Canadian nurses. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of variance in job satisfaction that could be accounted for by job stressors, control, and the interaction of stressors and control in that order. The job stressors were analysed separately and as a composite job demands score, as were the four domains of control. The results indicated that the proportion of variance in job satisfaction increased with the addition of control for the composite scores and for task, resource, and physical environment control. However, decision control did not account for additional variance in job satisfaction above that for any of the job stressors. In addition, none of the stressor x control interactions were significant. The results support previous attempts to test the moderating effects of control, suggesting that perceived control is not a moderator of job stress but rather that it has a direct influence. The relevance of the different domains of control for nurses is discussed.     

Decision latitude,job demands,and employee well-being

Abstract

Karasek (1979) drew attention to the possibilities that job characteristics may be non-linearly associated with employee well-being, and that they may combine interactively in relation to well-being. This paper examines those issues, and finds that both linear and non-linear components are present in relationships between job features and well-being. However, there is no evidence for a synergistic interaction between decision latitude and job demands. Those job features are differentially predictive of two aspects of well-being: job-related depression-enthusiasm and anxiety-contentment.     

The psychosocial work environment of district nurses in Sweden

Data were collected from a stratified sample of district nurses in the greater Stockholm area on four occasions during one year using questionnaire techniques (to assess psychosocial working conditions and social networks, and self-reported health sums); as well as physiological measurement techniques. Three groups of district nurses were compared: group A, those working independently in the 'traditional' role but outside primary health care centres; group B, those working independently in the 'traditional' role but in primary health care centres; and group C, those working in the model role as part of primary health care teams. The study focused on the effects of these different work environments on the district nurse's psychological and somatic health, and their physiological state.

The data suggested that district nurses in the primary care teams (group C) had a lower objective work load than those working in the more traditional role. Despite this, they reported a less favourable balance (ratio) of work demands to decision latitude. They reported more 'problems' and 'conflicts' at work than did the other district nurses. However, such 'problems' were diminishing during the study period, which could mean that successive adaptation to the 'new' situation was occurring. The 'conflicts', on the other hand, remained. This may indicate that despite this adaptation, the district nurses in the primary care teams were struggling with their new work roles. It points to the need for organizational support during this important change process. The district nurses in group B (traditional role but in a primary health care centre) had the highest objective work load and showed physiological reactions in terms of elevated plasma cortisol levels in the morning, high systolic blood pressure and sleep disturbances.     

壮侗语民族创世神话是盘古神话的主要来源——盘古神话来源问题研究之六

盘古神话分为开天辟地、垂死化身、兄妹结婚再造人类三种类型。根据南朝任日方《述异记》关于"南海有盘古国","桂林有盘古词"的记载,以今来宾市为中心的华南两广地区是盘古神话最早流传的地区。徐整是三国时期吴国掌宗庙礼仪之官,为朝廷做沟通人神、编写纬书(即以神学和民间信仰附会儒家经义,编写成书,其中保存不少古代神话传说)之事,今两广地区属吴国范围,把华南珠江流域壮侗语民族创世神话编入纬书之中,是自然的事。壮侗语民族开天辟地、垂死化身、兄妹结婚再造人类创世神话可能就是盘古神话的主源。     

浅议方中通"九九图说"中的数学思想

方中通是清初数学家,“九九图说”是他重要的数学成果之一。“九九图说”主要对中国古代组合图形进行了深入的研究,给出了各类纵横图的一般性定义,从中反映出方氏对数学对称性、统一性的追求,以及对辩证方法的运用。     

政府规模成本的测评途径

政府规模成本可以通过政府机构的规模、政府财政供养人员数量和行政管理财政支出总量等三个评估纬度，通过政府机构数量增长率、机构改革频度、政府财政供养人员总量规模、政府财政供养人员结构比例、行政管理费用占财政总支出的比率、行政事业单位离退休经费增长率、预算外资金增长率等具体指标进行测评，为政府规模成本控制提供依据。     

《清史稿·贵州地理志》所载经纬度数据偏差成因分析

《清史稿》是我国一部具有重要研究价值的清代历史典籍。该书收载有全国各府、直隶州、直隶厅的治所经纬度数据,这是中国历史典籍编撰中的一大创举。但从《清史稿》“贵州地理志”来看,书中各府、直隶州、直隶厅所引的经纬度数据都有所偏差,通过剖析其呈现偏差、讹误的成因,并加以匡正,希望能对今天的读者正确认识和利用这些资料,为“大清史”的正式编撰有所裨益。