"生源危机"中的日本高等教育改革

日本人口年龄结构的变化给正在向大众化、普及化方向发展的日本高等教育带来了严峻的"生源危机".同时,也为其高等教育机构向社会开放、促进大众化和普及化目标的实现带来了机遇.对此,日本政府因势利导,采取了积极有效的应对举措.作者从考察日本人口年龄结构的变化趋势入手,对"生源危机"中的日本高等教育改革试做分析,进而较为全面地了解日本高等教育的现状与发展趋势.     

高校学历证书电子注册与学籍管理改革

电子注册制度不仅是对高等教育学历证书管理办法的重大改革,也是促进高校学籍管理改革的重要手段。本文针对当前我国高校学籍学历管理的新情况,从本校实施电子注册制度的具体实践出发,认真探讨学籍学历管理工作的新特点和新问题,以谋求进一步改进工作的新思路。     

扩招形势下教书育人工作的几点认识与体会

本文中,作者简要分析了扩招形势下加强教书育人工作的重要性,并就教书育人工作的几个主要 方面谈了自己的认识和体会。     

略论加强对第三批录取本科生的教学管理

自普通高等院校全国招生考试不断扩招以来,各个高校都相应做出政策调整,本文针对第三批录取本科生教学管理,就如何在降低入学门槛的情况下,构建有利于培养学生健全个性的平民教育和大众教育的实践教学体系,探讨如何适应社会需要并使之学而有成而尝试的点滴举措。     

高校实施招生“阳光工程”初探

2005年,教育部提出普通高校招生要实施＂阳光工程＂,把切实维护广大考生的合法权益作为招生工作的出发点和落脚点,以增强招生工作的透明度,接受舆论监督和群众监督,逐步建立和完善与我国社会发展相适应的、更加公开透明的高校招生工作体系。在市场经济条件下和高等教育大众化阶段,如何准确把握高校招生＂阳光工程＂的内涵,如何有效实施高校招生＂阳光工程＂,值得深讨。     

Performance evaluation and enrollment quota allocation for higher education institutions in China

Higher education has always played an important role in promoting economic and social progress. With the rapid development of economy, China's higher education has entered a new stage and made a series of extraordinary achievements. However, the uneven development of higher education has become a critical factor restricting China’s overall progress. In this paper, we propose Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the performance of higher education resource utilization from the perspective of provincial level. In addition, we assess productivity changes of each province with the help of Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). Further, by considering the enrollment quota as a special kind of resource, we construct a more reasonable allocation scheme, while keeping the total number of newly added enrollment quota unchanged in the next year. Finally, according to the results, some suggestions are put forward to help the Chinese government better solve the unbalanced development of higher education among provinces.     

Extracurricular associations and college enrollment

There is consistent evidence that student involvement in extracurricular activities (EAs) is associated with numerous academic benefits, yet understanding how peer associations within EAs might influence this link is not well understood. Using Add Health’s comprehensive data on EA participation across 80 schools in the United States, we develop a novel measure of peer associations within EA activities. We find that EA participation with high achieving peers has a nontrivial link to college enrollment, even after considering individual, peer, and school-level factors. This suggests that school policies aimed at encouraging student exposure to high achieving peers in EAs could have an important impact on a student’s later educational outcomes.     

客观认识高校扩招后的教育质量问题

高校扩招是我国高等教育发展的历史必然趋势 ,树立一种符合时代要求的教育人才观和质量观 ,对高校扩招之后我国的高等教育进行客观认识 ,是高校改革的必然选择     

Gender inequalities in the college pipeline

In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for understanding gender inequality in baccalaureate degree attainment. Our “college pipeline” model addresses two main shortcomings in prior research. First, we examine multiple outcomes and stages in the pipeline that lead to four-year college entry and completion. Second, we examine multiple different pathways that students can pursue in attaining a four-year degree. Our findings indicate that females enjoy a cumulative advantage over males in the pursuit of a baccalaureate degree, but with two important exceptions. First, although females are more likely apply to college at the end of high school, they are also more likely to terminate their schooling in a two-year college than comparable males. Second, females who make an on-time transition into a four-year college experience the greatest advantages over males, and females who delay entering the college pipeline actually do no better than males in attaining a bachelor’s degree.     

明代的家族文化积累与科举中式率

明代初期承继元朝传统,有"儒户",那是正宗的职业科举家族,享受着特殊的保护政策,在科举考试中有着明显的优势.家族教育准备充足与否,特别是能否找到擅长的一经,应是形成科举家族的一个直接因素,明代宁波杨氏家族凭借<易>经屡屡中举,再现了东汉以来"一经传家"的神话.科举竞争的高度激烈,也是影响家族中举率的核心因素.晚明以后,杨氏家族科举竞争力明显下降.对那些科举准备不足的小家族来说更是困难,如晚明嘉兴平湖的赵维寰经历了十科会试,均以失败告终.