经济赋能与社区融合—以一个西部地区的反贫困实践为例

文章基于陕西省白水县的农村反贫困实践探索,从发展性社会工作视角探讨经济赋能与社区融合干预对于残疾人脱贫发展的意义。 这一反贫困实践案例显示,贫困者的生计发展嵌入在其家庭及社区的关系性脉络中,依托于残疾人互助合作社的社区融合介入,有助于残疾人的经济与社会的双重赋能,提升残疾人生计发展的内生动力。 同时,本地社会组织在残疾人反贫困中发挥关键作用,社会组织的能动性发展促进了多主体合作参与的贫困治理,也带动了社会工作专业理念和方法在反贫困实践中的运用。     

Coalition for a Healthier Community: Lessons learned and implications for future work

The Coalition for a Healthier Community (CHC) initiative was implemented to improve the health and well-being of women and girls. Underpinning CHC is a gender-based focus that uses a network of community partners working collaboratively to generate relevant behavior change and improved health outcomes. Ten programs are trying to determine whether gender-focused system approaches are cost-effective ways to address health disparities in women and girls. Programs implemented through coalitions made up of academic institutions, public health departments, community-based organizations, and local, regional, and national organizations, are addressing health issues such as domestic violence, cardiovascular disease prevention, physical activity, and healthy eating. Although these programs are ongoing, they have made significant progress. Key factors contributing to their early success include a comprehensive needs assessment, robust coalitions, the diversity of populations targeted, programs based on findings of the needs assessments, evaluations taking into consideration the effect of gender, and strong academic–community partnerships. A noteworthy impact of these programs has been their ability to shape and impact public, social, and health policies at the state and local levels. However, there have been challenges associated with the implementation of such a complex program. Lessons learned are discussed in this paper.     

The Eurasian Economic Union: Development Prospects and Possible Obstacles

This article analyzes the development prospects and problems for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It examines issues of integration within the EAEU, as well as interactions with other countries, both CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) and non-CIS. The main problem of integration within the EAEU is the dominance of redistributive motives over productive ones. This article assesses the extent of Russian oil and gas transfers to EAEU partners and the impact of tax maneuvers on their size. It shows that the creation of mechanisms for redistributing profits within the EAEU will allow a positive economic effect to materialize from free trade agreements with non-CIS countries. The article assesses the risks for the EAEU related to Russia’s introduction of a unilateral ban on food imports from countries on the sanctions list and to the possible establishment of tariffs on trade with Ukraine.     

民族互嵌社区精准治理的理论向度与实践路径——以贵州省兴义市S街道社区为例

民族互嵌社区是中华民族多元一体格局空间场域延展的实践形态,是对“各民族相互嵌入式的社会结构和社区环境”这一时代命题的现实阐释。现代城市社区功能的集聚和细化为民族互嵌的再造及重释提供了场域空间,由于民族互嵌社区具有公共性、聚合性和互动性的本质特征,从而形成了立体化嵌套结构,催生出精准互嵌理论和实践的“双重愿景”:理论层面,要深刻把握民族互嵌社区精准治理的目标向度、方法向度、内容向度;实践层面,要精准识别民族互嵌社区的场域情境,以智能技术描绘民族互嵌过程的“全景图”和“晴雨表”,通过社区制度体系的精准供给,提升民族互嵌社区精准治理的效能。     

How do countries choose their monetary policy frameworks?

This paper investigates the determinants of countries’ choices of monetary policy framework. A brief narrative focused on groupings of countries motivates an econometric analysis which draws on previous work on the determinants of exchange rate regimes, bringing in standard factors as well as the trade networks of potential anchor currency blocs and the financial market depth that are emphasised in the narrative. The model turns out to be able to predict three quarters of countries’ choices, and there is no obvious systematic pattern in the errors. The results have important implications for how countries should choose their monetary policy frameworks.     

大数据背景下基于社交网络的聚类随机游走抽样算法研究

数字经济时代,社交网络作为数字化平台经济的重要载体,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。大数据背景下,社交网络的商业应用价值巨大,但由于其网络规模空前庞大,传统的网络分析方法 因计算成本过高而不再适用。而通过网络抽样算法获取样本网络,再推断整体网络,可节约计算资源, 因此抽样算法的好坏将直接影响社交网络分析结论的准确性。现有社交网络抽样算法存在忽略网络内部拓扑结构、容易陷入局部网络、抽样效率过低等缺陷。为了弥补现有社交网络抽样算法的缺陷,本文结合大数据社交网络的社区特征,提出了一种聚类随机游走抽样算法。该方法首先使用社区聚类算法将原始网络节点进行社区划分,得到多个社区网络,然后分别对每个社区进行随机游走抽样获取样本网 络。数值模拟和案例应用的结果均表明,聚类随机游走抽样算法克服了传统网络抽样算法的缺点,能够在降低网络规模的同时较好地保留原始网络的结构特征。此外,该抽样算法还可以并行运算,有效提升抽样效率,对于大数据背景下大规模社交网络的抽样实践具有重大现实意义。     

两大法系关于环境犯罪立法之比较

两大法系关于环境犯罪都有不少立法 ,但存在一定差异。在环境犯罪的罪过形式上 ,英美法系认为环境犯罪的认定需有故意和过失 ;而大陆法系则采用罪过原则认定环境犯罪。在犯罪行为上 ,作为犯罪是两大法系立法的基本情形 ,不作为犯罪是两大法系立法的例外情形。在刑罚执行上 ,两大法系对刑罚方法的运用各有特点     

试析布哈林国民经济综合平衡发展理论

列宁逝世以后，布哈林继续坚持和捍卫列宁的新经济政策思想，并结合俄国的实际，针对当时苏联国民经济发展中出现的一系列问题，总结过去经济建设中的经验教训，系统地阐发自己的观点，从而形成了关于国民经济综合平衡发展的比较全面系统的理论。他认为，要使国民经济持续健康发展，必须尊重客观经济规律，重视市场调节的作用，使工业和农业、重工业和轻工业、农业内部、积累和消费之间保持综合平衡。在建设有中国特色社会主义的今天，重温布哈林的国民经济综合平衡发展理论，无疑会给我们以很好的教益和启迪。     

中国京剧与欧洲歌剧之比较

文章从戏剧的起始源头、发展脉络对中国京剧与欧洲歌剧作了比较。接着 ,又从分析中国与西方的政治体制、民族性、哲学思想与科技发展水平的差异入手 ,对中国京剧的写意风格和以演员表演为中心、欧洲歌剧的写实风格和以音乐为中心的美学特点作了阐述和比较。     

网上的西欧政党

20世纪90年代以后，互联网在全球迅速普及，对西欧政党产生了重要的影响。为适应自身发展的需要，获得更多选民的支持，西欧各国政党纷纷上网。他们竞相在网上开展各项活动。主要包括提供信息、网上竞选、政治参与和组织建设，并取得了一定的成效。但是，受到数字鸿沟、政党实力、政党利益、党员和选民态度的影响，西欧政党的网上潜能没有得到充分地发挥，政党的网上效力有待于进一步提高。