农户对农村公共服务的需求意愿分析 ———基于一项全国范围农户调查的实证研究

文章基于一项关于农户对农村公共服务需求意愿的全国范围的调查数据，分析了农户对农村义务教育、农村医疗卫生、农村社会保障、农村文化事业、农村劳动力技能培训这5种农村公共服务的整体需求意愿及不同特征农户需求意愿的差别、农户对5种农村公共服务各个方面要素的需求意愿以及农户对5种农村公共服务需求的优先序。研究结果表明农户对5种农村公共服务的整体需求意愿并不相同，对农村劳动力技能培训的需求最强烈，不同特征的农户的需求意愿也不相同。另外与其他农村公共产品相比，农户对文章所研究的5种农村公共服务的需求意愿比较强烈。     

农户苜蓿种植规模效率的实证分析---基于河北省黄骅市的实证分析

种植苜蓿对于畜牧业发展、土地资源改善具有重要意义,发展苜蓿种植是2015年中央一号文件的重要内容。本文以农户这一我国苜蓿种植主体为研究对象,利用河北省黄骅市的农户苜蓿种植调查数据,构建DEA模型对农户的苜蓿种植规模效率进行实证研究。结果表明,农户苜蓿种植获得最优效率的规模为18亩左右。利用Tobit模型,对影响规模效率的因素进一步分析计算发现,调查区域农户苜蓿种植处于粗放阶段,应鼓励发展苜蓿专业种植户,在种子、技术、资金及机械补贴、种植补贴等方面给予支持。     

深化征地制度改革研究——基于保护农民土地权益视角

从保护农民土地权益的视角阐述了现行征地制度中对农民土地权益的侵害,认为政府具有侵害农民土地权益的利益冲动,且我国农民缺乏维护自身利益的土地权力基础并受到"公私"理念的桎梏,而界定公共利益和征地补偿标准存在着现实难题,这些都是征地制度中农民土地权益屡遭侵害的原因。对此,提出切实保护农民土地权益,就必须明确界定公共利益,土地市场中引入价格机制;提高征地补偿标准,完善征地补偿内容;建立失地农民社会保障体系;形成有效约束机制,建立法治政府等。     

论明清时期浙北农村桑蚕业的发展

明清时期,浙北嘉兴、湖州两府农村的桑蚕业十分发达,不仅种桑养蚕的技术达到相当高的水平,而且其生产和经营也日趋商品化,从一个方面推动了农村社会经济的发展和变革。但桑蚕业的发展并没有给农民带来更多的财富,他们仍处于贫困之中,这在一定程度上反映了封建时代农业商品化过程中农民的生活境遇。     

沿海发达地区农地流转中的农户意愿实证分析——以浙江省宁波市为例

土地承包经营权的流转是提高农村土地效益、促进农民增收的有效途径。但推进土地流转,不能忽略农户的意愿。农户的家庭特征、对土地政策的认知情况和对流转机制的看法等,都对土地流转有重要影响,传统文化中厚土意识,也影响了农地流转。加强土地流转的管理引导,制定相关政策措施,应对这些因素进行通盘考虑。     

公平偏好、强互惠倾向和农民合作社生产 规范的演化分析

面对农民合作社的现实发展困境,在充分考量我国农户社会心理的基础上,将公平偏好和强互惠倾向纳入合作社农户的效用函数中;构建了合作社农户的生产行为演化博弈模型,分析了不同情形下合作社生产规范的演化逻辑;然后通过数值实验演示了公平偏好、强互惠倾向、守规农户初始比例等参数的变化对合作社生产规范演化趋势的影响。研究发现,守规农户越强的不公平厌恶程度以及搭便车农户越低的内疚程度,越容易导致合作社陷入全体农户生产低质量产品的困境;守规农户的强互惠倾向有利于维持合作社的稳定性;初始阶段较大的守规农户比例、生产高质量产品较低的额外成本以及较高的质量价格加成系数都有助于合作社向良性的生产规范演化。     

Farmers,trust, and the market solution to water pollution: The role of social embeddedness in water quality trading

Water quality trading (WQT) is a market arrangement in which a point-source water polluter pays farmers to implement conservation practices and claims the resulting benefits as credits toward meeting a pollution permit. Success rates of WQT programs nationwide are highly variable. Most of the literature on WQT is from an economic perspective emphasizing property rights, transaction costs, and the role of the price signal, but this institutional approach cannot fully account for the differential success rates between and within WQT programs. In this paper I turn to the role of social embeddedness and trust in helping explain these variable outcomes. Using interview data from all WQT programs nationwide I demonstrate that differential success rates between, and particularly within programs is largely determined by the presence or absence of a trusted local intermediary with relationships to the farming community. Trust helps WQT programs succeed because it makes information more credible to farmers, makes outreach to farmers more efficient, and buffers the risk that farmers may perceive in participating in the trading scheme.     

依赖与脆弱性：农民养老问题的一个实证分析——基于全国十个省份1000余位农民的调查数据

文章基于2009年全国十个省份30个行政村1000余位农民的调查数据，从“依赖性一脆弱性一养老困境”的逻辑关系出发．以农民养老的经济依赖途径为切入点。利用Multinomial Logistic回归模型，实证分析了农民养老的脆弱性及其影响因素。结果显示，那些同时具备女性、年龄较大、养儿防老观念比较强、家庭收入比较低、没有儿子、家庭整劳力比较少、纯农户和所在村经济情况比较差特征的农民，是依赖性最强的农民，他们面临的养老脆弱性程度也最高。由于现实生活中。全部具备上述所有条件的农民毕竟是少数。但农村社会政策刺定部门可以根据农民满足上述条件的多寡．来判断其养老脆弱性程度的高低。并以此为依据选择农村社会政策的重点关注对象。     

Farmers’ adaptability to the policy of ecological protection in China—A case study in Yanchi County,China

Due to long-term human activities, grassland ecosystems have been severely damaged. To protect grassland ecosystems, the prohibited grazing policy (PGP), a grassland ecological protection policy, was instituted for Chinese grasslands in 2002. However, it is unknown whether farmers have effectively adapted to the PGP. The adaptability of farmers to this policy has directly influenced the effective implementation of the policy and the sustainable development of the ecosystem. Previous research on adaptability has not focused on the adaptation to political change. This article uses a case study in Northwest China to investigate the adaptability of farmers to the policy. First, we study the restoration status of ecosystems. In addition, this paper studies the perceptions regarding farmers’ adaptability to the policy and explores the adaptation strategies of different types of farmers. Finally, this paper discusses the main factors that influence farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. The implementation of the PGP has achieved remarkable ecological benefits. Farmers of different types had different adaptation perceptions, and their choices of adaptation strategies also varied. In addition to the farmers’ perception of the policy, the main factors that influenced farmers’ adaptation strategies also included livelihood capital.     

当代农民道义→理性→抵抗的心理变化路径分析

20多年，“三农”发展印证了中国改革开放的每一个脚印。“三农”经济有了发展；农民有了实惠；农业有了提高；农村有了进步。商业化运动中土地资源凸现的价值使“三农”出现了新问题，即失地农民的利益被最终侵蚀时带来的农民心理变化或扭曲。