CELEBRATING HETEROGENEITY?: A survey of female ICT professionals in England

This paper introduces key findings from a large-scale, online survey of women in the ICT industry across England undertaken between October 2004 and October 2005. Placed in a theoretical framework which draws on critical perspectives from within information systems (IS), and the sociology of gender and of technology, the authors examine some of the issues faced by female ICT professionals. The context for this paper is the ongoing under-representation of women in the ICT industry in England, and the difficulties that the industry is having retaining women, particularly at senior levels. Data are presented on the demographic composition of women in the ICT industry in England. In addition the authors focus on their management of domestic and caring responsibilities, including changes in working practices they have experienced as a result of these responsibilities. These data are particularly pertinent given current government and industry debates regarding the 'work-life balance' and 'flexible working' in the ICT industry, partially as a response to the need for a more diverse ICT workforce. Alongside information on the career histories of female ICT professionals, the authors review their perceptions of pay and reward packages, working environments, the skills they hold, and the recognition they may or may not receive in their current posts. They present reports of a 'long-hours' and 'presenteeism' culture in the ICT industry, and the existence of gendered informal networks in ICT. They also examine female ICT professionals' perceptions of the current and future-possible image of the industry. The findings highlight the continued masculinization of ICT work, and some of the difficulties faced by women working in what remain statistically and symbolically male-dominated environments.     

The econometrics of female labor supply and children

This is a survey of applied econometric research on the effects of children on female labor supply. Reasons for interest in the topic, and a basic model and terminology, are reviewed. Concerns are raised about the possible endogeneity of child status variables, and about the instrumental variables approach for dealing with this problem. Alternative ways of conceptualizing and estimating child status effects are considered, together with selected empirical evidence. Relevant developments from the household demand literature are summarized. Basic issues of model choice are also discussed.     

女性生命本真的书写——论萧红小说的创作

萧红是一位体验型、情绪型的极富才华的现代女作家。她的一生颠沛流离、短促悲凉, 饱受离家出走的寂寞、孤独和痛苦。萧红的小说创作是她的悲剧人生的真实写照。她以自己悲剧 性的人生感受和独特的女性生命体验,观照她所熟悉的乡土社会的生命形态和生存境遇,揭露和 批判国民性弱点,抒写着人的悲剧、特别是女性的悲剧,从而使其小说获得一种浓烈而深沉的悲 剧意蕴和独特而丰厚的文化内涵。     

试论九十年代女作家物质性写作

进入九十年代以来,女性写作比以往任何阶段都显得更加色彩纷呈.九十年代的女作家已经不再是一些脆弱的自恋主义者或痛苦的理想主义者,她们的作品也呈现出更为强烈的个人化色彩.在真实的社会生活面前,她们已日益学会在现实的物质关系中重新叩问性别的意义.     

山西大学学生身体素质状况的跟踪研究

该文通过对山西大学在校学生 1992～ 1999年的素质状况的跟踪研究 ,针对显示出的问题提出相应对策 ,为改善大学生的身体素质提供科学依据     

A regression-based smoothing spline Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing American options in discrete time

American options in discrete time can be priced by solving optimal stopping problems. This can be done by computing so-called continuation values, which we represent as regression functions defined recursively by using the continuation values of the next time step. We use Monte Carlo to generate data, and then we apply smoothing spline regression estimates to estimate the continuation values from these data. All parameters of the estimate are chosen data dependent. We present results concerning consistency and the estimates’ rate of convergence.     

Literacy:一个生态学的隐喻

回顾和分析关于Literacy的几个隐喻,讨论新Literacy研究的源起,认为生态学观点最能反映Literacy的心理学、语言学、社会学等多学科意义及其对社会经济、政治文化、教育的作用。     

重估现代女作家的出现——以新文学期刊(1917-1925)中的女作者创作为视点

"五四"新文化运动中,进入学堂学习的女学生迅速成为了新文学杂志的重要作者,在女作家成长的过程中,新文学期刊及其主办者、编辑者的帮助和扶持起了十分重要的作用。女作者们借助现代出版的平台走向社会,走向读者,以集体的方式浮出历史地表,成为中国现代文学史上的第一代女作家。     

《说文解字》“女”部字及其文化内涵

《说文解字》是我国析字形、解字义、辨读音的文字学专著。本文在对284个《说文解字》中“女”部字及女性文化相关字进行全面考察的基础上,依据《说文解字》中“以类相从,以义相贯”的分类原则,建构“女”部字分类体系,将其分为姓名、称谓、婚嫁、女性价值评判标准、中性字五个类别;通过《说文解字》与《现代汉语词典》中“女”部字对比,研究“女”部字形义变化;探讨“女”部字中反映出的古代女性主流社会地位和古代婚姻制度。     

A multiple warm standby δ-shock system with a repairman having multiple vacations

In this article, a warm standby n-unit system is studied. The system is operational as long as there is one unit normal. The unit online, which has a lifetime distribution governed by a phase-type distribution, is also attacked by a shock from some external causes. Assume that shocks arrive according to a Poisson process. Whenever an interarrival time of shock is less than a threshold, the unit online fails. The lifetimes of the units in warm standby is exponentially distributed. A repairman who can take multiple vacations repairs the failed units based on the “first-in-first-out” rule. The repair times and the vacation times of repairman are governed by different phase-type distributions. For this system, the Markov process governing the system is constructed. The system is studied in a transient and stationary regime; the availability, the reliability, the rates of occurrence of the different types of failures, and the working probability of the repairman are calculated. A numerical application is performed to illustrate the calculations.