澳门土地制度改变及其影响与纱纸契合法性问题

澳门基本法第七条规定,澳门境内的土地和自然资源,除在澳门特区成立前已依法确认的私有土地外,属于国家所有。土地制度的改变、土地所有权的改变,除了涉及澳门土地所属问题,还涉及澳门特区的成立和基本法的实施对澳门原有法律制度和司法程序的影响。具代表性的案例是去年澳门特区终审法院就观音堂地段的所有权和使用权的民事诉讼案所作出的裁决:在特区成立前未获依法确认为私有的土地,特区成立后就成为国家所有,也不能通过司法裁判确认这些土地的所有权或利用权为私有,无论有关诉讼是在特区成立之前还是之后提起的。也就是说,澳门从此再也不会有新的私人业权土地了,连"和平占有"也不能了。土地制度改变所带来的影响,可从上述观音堂地段的官司反映出来,未来可能还涉及棘手的离岛土地"纱纸契"的法律地位问题。本文以终审法院的有关裁决为例,进而讨论土地制度的改变对于土地"纱纸契"问题的影响。     

中国城乡发展动力结构调整的思考——收入分配视角的分析

近三十年来,中国经济实现了持续高速增长,但增长动力结构失衡。在投资、消费、净出口三大需求对国民经济发展的拉动中,消费率偏低是一个不争的事实。消费率,即消费需求在支出法国内生产总值中所占的比重,反映的是从长期考察的一个国家在其发展过程中所处的历史阶段,而不是短期内国家宏观和微观的经济运行情况。它的高低适中不能用宏观和微观经济运行情况来判定,而是要看其是否与国家或地方的经济发展方式和路径相适应。中国经济发展正处于消费率由低转高的历史阶段,中国消费率的上升是一个渐进的过程,需要从宏观上实现一系列的国民收入分配机理运行工程,即劳动收入的国家干预工程、要素收入的二次分配工程、扩大公共消费工程和加大财政转移支付工程。     

真情在暧昧历史中摇摆——评电视剧《最后诊断》

电视剧《最后诊断》用共时性方式描述了沈知鱼的青年时期和叶南山的中年时期,试图通过两段历史的对接完成叶南山的一生或者说是沈知鱼一生的再现。这段个人历史的背面是医学进步的历史,而闪烁其间的亮点是爱情戏的两种展开模式:期待爱情与拥有爱情。剧本叙事手法多样,有对传统叙事手法的借鉴,也有对新历史主义叙事手法的综合运用和民间立场的选择。     

诚实信用原则的功能及其司法适用

从论证诚实信用原则具有法创设功能入手,发挥其作为概括性原则的成文法漏洞补充作用。但是又反对直接引用诚信原则作为判案依据,主张借鉴英美法系的判例制度来实现法律规则的具体化,从而避免法官简单地向一般条款逃避。笔者又试图通过三审终审制的构建,来实现诚信原则被具体化以后具体规则的类型化及统一化,从而对法官可能滥用诚信原则作必要的限制。     

Epidemics in heterogeneous communities: estimation of R0 and secure vaccination coverage

A stochastic multitype model for the spread of an infectious disease in a community of heterogeneous individuals is analysed. In particular, estimates of R ₀ (the basic reproduction number) and the critical vaccination coverage are derived, where estimation is based on final size data of an outbreak in the community. It is shown that these key parameters cannot be estimated consistently from data; only upper and lower bounds can be estimated. Confidence regions for the upper bounds are derived, thus giving conservative estimates of R ₀ and the fractions necessary to vaccinate.     

教学评价和目标教学法

本文简述了教学评价的意义与教学测量的关系,以及它在目标教学中的地位和作用,并以教学评价为主线,概括地叙述了实施目标教学法的三个步骤,即设计教学目标、编拟评价测试题;进行开放式教学,进行形成性评价;实施终结性评价,并举例加以说明。     

恢复计算机失落数据在编辑中的应用

在编辑工作中 ,需要在计算机和网上工作 ,往往容易误删除计算机里有用的文件 ,网上病毒容易破坏文件 ,造成文件丢失 ,本文对恢复这些文件的技术进行了讨论 ,在许多软件中 ,FinalDate应用简便、功能强大 ,是这些软件的首选     

Final outcome probabilities for SIR epidemic model

Abstract

We consider an SIR stochastic epidemic model in which new infections occur at rate f(x, y), where x and y are, respectively, the number of susceptibles and infectives at the time of infection and f is a positive sequence of real functions. A simple explicit formula for the final size distribution is obtained. Some efficient recursive methods are proved for the exact calculation of this distribution. In addition, we give a Gaussian approximation for the final distribution using a diffusion process approximation.     

On Decomposing Net Final Values: Eva,Sva and Shadow Project

A decomposition model of Net Final Values (NFV), named Systemic Value Added (SVA), is proposed for decision-making purposes, based on a systemic approach introduced in Magni [Magni, C. A. (2003), Bulletin of Economic Research 55(2), 149–176; Magni, C. A. (2004) Economic Modelling 21, 595–617]. The model translates the notion of excess profit giving formal expression to a counterfactual alternative available to the decision maker. Relations with other decomposition models are studied, among which Stewart’s [Stewart, G.B. (1991), The Quest for Value: The EVA™ Management Guide, Harper Collins, Publishers Inc]. The index here introduced differs from Stewart’s Economic Value Added (EVA) in that it rests on a different interpretation of the notion of excess profit and is formally connected with the EVA model by means of a shadow project. The SVA is formally and conceptually threefold, in that it is economic, financial, accounting-flavoured. Some results are offered, providing sufficient and necessary conditions for decomposing NFV. Relations between a project’s SVA and its shadow project’s EVA are shown, all results of Pressacco and Stucchi [Pressacco, F. and Stucchi, P. (1997), Rivista di Matematica per le Scienze Economiche e Sociali 20, 165–185] are proved by making use of the systemic approach and the shadow counterparts of those results are also shown.     

浅析上古汉语中的阴阳对转现象

上古汉语在发展过程中在较早的一段时间里是没有鼻音韵尾的，只存在阴声韵，还没有出现阳声韵。从古典文献、形声字、方言三个方面对上古汉语中的阴阳对转现象进行考察，笔者认为，上古汉语中阴声韵、阳声韵不是随意对转的，而是先出现阴声韵，后出现阳声韵。