财务柔性能力与中国上市公司持续性创新——兼论协调创新效应与自适应效应

基于财务柔性组织理论,本文利用2007-2017年我国A股上市非金融类公司微观数据,从理论和实证检验分析了企业财务柔性能力对持续性创新的影响,结果显示企业财务柔性对持续性创新存在正向促进作用。进一步,本文探讨了财务柔性可能存在的“协调创新效应”和“自适应效应”两种机制。协调创新效应相关检验结果显示企业储备的财务柔性能力能有效协调内外部资源,释放融资约束的负向影响,从而正向促进企业持续性创新。检验结果还显示,企业主动地调节财务柔性储备,能够在不同维度环境的不确定性影响下发挥“自适应效应”,助力企业实现持续创新的目标。总体而言,本文结论改善了企业断点式或阶段式的创新投入方式,切实提升了企业自主研发能力和质量,对`实现我国创新“量质平衡”有重要意义。     

贾宝玉形象的文化张力

贾宝玉形象的独特性在于,其形象内涵既不属于西方文化,又非中国传统文化所能涵盖。他源于中国传统文化而又不是中国的儒、道所能解释:无论在思想意识、价值追求还是在思维方式等方面均与当时的世俗文化构成极强的张力冲击。这种冲击主要体现在贾宝玉与其它人物在仕途文化、情色文化上的碰撞,以及贾宝玉自身多元素文化的冲突。曹雪芹就是通过这种文化碰撞所塑造的贾宝玉形象,完成了他对中国传统文化的穿越,从而造就了一个独具魅力的艺术张力世界。     

Configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty

In this paper, we study a buyer׳s configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty. His main supplier׳s production process is uncertain, and he can either choose pricing flexibility (setting prices depending on the available supply) or operational flexibility (requesting a contingent order from a backup supplier). As the buyer may or may not find a suitable contingent supplier ex post, we study two scenarios that the backup supplier׳s supply is infinite, and that this supply is random. We also include the factor that the main supplier may determine the wholesale price. We demonstrate that the adoption of flexibility strategies is controlled by threshold policies in different scenarios whether the main supplier determines the wholesale price or not. We also investigate how the buyer׳s attribute (finding a suitable contingent supplier) affects the configuration of flexibility strategies.     

Environmental regulatory influence and product innovation: the contingency effects of organizational characteristics

This paper examines the relationship between environmental regulatory influence and product innovation in a multi-industry sample of manufacturing organizations. Our theory argues that the influence of environmental regulation on the level of product innovation in a manufacturing organization is at least partially contingent on the organization's internal characteristics—in particular, its structural flexibility and production process flexibility. Hypotheses are derived from our theory and tested, and the results are consistent with the conclusion that structural flexibility and production process flexibility moderate the environmental regulatory influence–product innovation relationship. Whether environmental regulation inhibits or promotes product innovation seems to depend at least in part on certain internal features of an organization. We discuss implications of our results for future organization studies research on environmental regulation, and for research on other types of external constraints on organizational performance.     

以顾客满意和柔性提升为导向的第三方物流企业服务精细化管理研究--基于对淘宝用户的调查

调查结果显示,淘宝用户对第三方物流的服务满意度是差的,除了下运单的方便性、准点到达率、送货的速度三项指标的满意度勉强过半之外,其他的均反映不够满意,其中对灵活性、处理投诉的能力和服务态度三块的满意度尤其差。与此同时,顾客和物流公司对服务质量体系构建存在不一致,相比较物流的时效性,顾客对物流公司处理投诉能力更为看重。在时效性方面,一向被物流公司看重的送货速度已经不再是顾客期待的重点,取而代之的是货物的准点到达率。说明物流公司未能准确识别顾客的需求变化,同时也说明近年来物流公司注重网络信息系统的建设和公司运营效率的提高,在此方面已经获得了长足的进步,使得顾客在下订单的方便性及送货速度方面的诉求已经不再是突出问题,取而代之的矛盾是物流公司的灵活性、应变能力和纠错能力,这呼唤着物流公司早日实现精细生产,在大规模物流递送服务提供的同时,对例外事件加强管理,提高公司内部管理的柔性。     

关于国民经济动员面向非军事需求的思考

本文从以下几方面论述了如何加强国民经济动员体系在非军事领域的应用:加强协作,建立完善的动员组织体系;加强媒体动员,建立高效的动员信息系统;完善动员机制,保障国家安全;建立健全法律法规,保障动员的顺利实施。     

Sequential and Simultaneous Decision Making for Optimizing Health Care Resource Flexibilities

Health care administrators commonly employ two types of resource flexibilities (demand upgrades and staffing flexibility) to efficiently coordinate two critical internal resources, nursing staff and beds, and an external resource (contract nurses) to satisfy stochastic patient demand. Under demand upgrades, when beds are unavailable for patients in a less acute unit, patients are upgraded to a more acute unit if space is available in that unit. Under staffing flexibility, nurses cross‐trained to work in more than one unit are used in addition to dedicated and contract nurses. Resource decisions (beds and staffing) can be made at a single point in time (simultaneous decision making) or at different points in time (sequential decision making). In this article, we address the following questions: for each flexibility configuration, under sequential and simultaneous decision making, what is the optimal resource level required to meet stochastic demand at minimum cost? Is one type of flexibility (e.g., demand upgrades) better than the other type of flexibility (e.g., staffing flexibility)? We use two‐stage stochastic programming to find optimal resource levels for two nonhomogeneous hospital units that face stochastic demand following a continuous, general distribution. We conduct a full‐factorial numerical experiment and find that the benefit of using staffing flexibility on average is greater than the benefit of using demand upgrades. However, the two types of flexibilities have a positive interaction effect and they complement each other. The type of flexibility and decision timing has an independent effect on system performance (capacity and staffing costs). The benefits of cross‐training can be largely realized even if beds and staffing levels have been determined prior to the establishment of a cross‐training initiative.     

陕西省城镇居民消费结构的实证分析

文章利用线性支出系统对陕西省城镇居民的消费结构进行拟合,并且通过基本消费支出分析和弹性分析,揭示陕西省居民的消费结构和生活状态以及各类消费品的消费量受支出和价格变化的影响,并提出关于恩格尔系数适用性问题的一些思考。     

对企业生产缓冲的分析与评价

本文划分了生产缓冲的类型,提出并叙述了生产缓冲的诸要素;建立了生产缓冲的木桶理论,认为生产缓冲诸要素的水平应相互配比协调;探讨了生产缓冲的经济评价,最后讨论了生产缓冲度的层次分析与测评。     

Trade-offs among the elements of flexibility: a comparison from the automotive industry

Flexibility has long been recognized as a manufacturing capability that has the potential to impact the competitive position and the business performance of an organization ([1]: Cox Jr, T. Toward the measurement of manufacturing flexibility. Production and Inventory Management Journal 1989; First Quarter:68–72, [2]: De Meyer A, Nakane J, Miller JG, Ferdows K. Flexibility: the next competitive battle. Strategic Management Journal 1989;10:135–144). This recognition, however, has not led to a unanimous approach to flexibility. For example, Japanese manufacturers emphasize flexibility more than North American or European manufacturers ( [2]: De Meyer A, Nakane J, Miller JG, Ferdows K. Flexibility: the next competitive battle. Strategic Management Journal 1989;10:135–144). While this finding provides insight into the strategic choices made by these organizations in these countries, it does not provide an in-depth comparison of specific aspects of flexibility that are leveraged and emphasized differently. Such a comparison is necessary, however, if flexibility is to be more fully understood.This paper takes a step in that direction by first breaking down the concept of flexibility into its constituent elements and dimensions. Then we introduce the notion of looking at flexibility as a capability that must be planned for and built by a firm over a period of time along these constituent elements and dimensions. Questions are subsequently raised regarding whether trade-offs occur among different elements for a given flexibility dimension. We use industry wide as well as firm-specific qualitative data from the automotive industry to answer these questions, and show that several key aspects of manufacturing flexibility have been acquired and leveraged differently by American and Japanese producers. While linkages to business performance are not directly explored, our analysis reveals that even within the same industry, firms from different countries do indeed follow different strategies to developing their flexibility capability. Implications of these results for managerial practice, along with avenues for further research in this area, are also presented.