Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

浅析“生态整体论”对我国林业建设的指导意义

我国林业工作在取得巨大成就的同时,也存在着一些突出问题。如人工纯林问题、天然林保护不力、绿化中大面积铺设草皮等现象。其根本原因在于传统的人类中心主义价值观指导下人们只关注森林的工具价值,而忽视森林的内在价值尤其是森林生态系统的价值。罗尔斯顿＂生态整体论＂为人类认识森林问题和森林价值提供了新视角,对林业实践具有指导意义。为实现林业可持续发展,必须扭转人类中心主义观念,实现由以木材生产为主向以生态建设为主的转变,注重维护森林系统整体性、保护生物多样性。     

天然林资源保护工程区可持续发展初探

我国实施天保工程取得了显著的生态效益,但在实施过程中也遇到许多社会和经济问题。本文从阐述天保工程的实施现状入手,探讨了天保工程对林区社会、经济产生的不利影响,包括政府财政资金投入不足、社会保障体系尚未健全、产业结构调整缓慢与经营管理不善4个方面,最后提出了促进天保工程区经济社会可持续发展的几点建议。     

刘敦南的钢琴协奏曲《山林》浅析

通过对钢琴协奏曲《山林》的创作背景、创作手法、曲式结构、音乐风格等内容的分析,阐明了作曲家只有深入生活、热爱生活,才能使富于幻想的笔调升华,才能创作出真挚感人的、无愧于时代的优秀作品。     

我国森林群落建群种营养元素含量的区域特征

各地带性植被主要种营养元素含量的格局是热带和南亚热带森林优势种的磷含量低，有些植物出现富铝化特征，石灰岩山地上植物的钙含量高；暖温带和温带大多数植物磷含量相对较高，而钙含量较低，部分植物有聚铁和聚锰现象。     

生态视域下的森林管理制度变迁及其反思——云南M县案例研究

管理制度变迁对生态演变具有显著的影响。传统时期地方社会有一套有效的森林管理制度。以云南M县为例,通过对森林使用的类型划分,乡规民约和信仰、禁忌,地方传统有效地保护了当地的森林。1949年以来,由于地方社会组织、制度和信仰禁忌的破坏,森林遭受严重砍伐。此后,现代森林管理制度逐步建立。现代森林管理制度在操作中的问题体现在：正式管理制度的低嵌入性、管理人员地方性知识缺乏、管理和执法力量的弱覆盖性和管理机构的利益化取向。因此,需要探索正式制度与非正式制度互补的管理模式。     

Landowners’ perspectives on the rural future and the role of forests across Europe

Contemporary changes in rural Europe have been characterised by the contrasting terms of rural modernisation and productivism versus restructuring and post-productivism. This study investigates how different categories of owners of farm and/or forestland in 16 case study areas in eight European countries perceive future development. Landowners’ prospects for change are investigated on both the locality and enterprise level. Special attention is given to the role of forestry as a potential future development perspective. The results reveal that both restructuring and modernisation perspectives are important to many landowners. Moreover, a polarisation seems to be developing between a minority of full-time farmers with progressive farming prospects and the vast majority of landowners with declining prospects or little dependency on primary production. More importantly, the research reveals a third employment perspective, which did not have any specific content apart from the social security of having employment opportunities in the locality. Also at the enterprise level, farmers anticipate both restructuring and modernisation practices, even on the very same property. The study proves that it is not only part-time, hobby and retired farmers that are engaged in “restructuring” activities, but also full-time farmers. As regards the role of forests, the majority of landowners do not interpret forests in an economic development context, but as green infrastructure important to the local quality of life. It can be concluded that forests are closely related to restructuring thinking among landowners. Future perspectives differ from one European rural area to another, dependent on local conditions and problems. More importantly, however, this research reveals that modernisation–restructuring thoughts and practices of landowners are manifold and heterogeneous in all types of rural areas across Europe.     

“森林有害生物控制”教学改革理论与实践

作者针对“森林有害生物控制”课程的特点,将原属于“森林昆虫学”和“林木病理学”两门课程的内容全面整合;进一步改革教学方法,通过使用多媒体技术,提供翔实生动的多媒体资料,提高学生学习的兴趣;充分利用网络工具,增加学生获取信息的途径,体现学生学习的主体地位,增强学生的自学能力;通过教学活动的全程控制,提高学生学习的主动性和积极性。     

雷公山森林公园的苗族文化与旅游展示设计

作者通过主持《雷公山国家森林公园总体规划》和《雷公山国家森林公园详细规划》,对雷公山森林公园内的苗族文化资源进行了认真调查与分析。为了多层面地呈现出苗族原始文化的色彩斑和神秘,充分体现雷公山作为“苗疆圣地"、“苗疆民族中心"和“自然人文博物馆"的古朴淳厚、绚丽多彩的民族风情和资源地位,作者对苗族文化资源的开发利用进行了深入研究,并且设计了开发利用属于物质文明的民族服饰文化、苗锦艺术、蜡染艺术、银饰艺术、手工艺艺术、民居建筑文化、饮食文化、医药文化、森林与农耕文化;属于精神文明的宗教与民俗文化、歌舞文化、节日文化、娱乐与体育竞技文化、民间传说文化;属于政治文明的苗族社会组织文化和栽岩文化等16个方面的具体方案与措施。     

21世纪的中国动画现状——从动画记录长片《蝉噪林愈静》谈起

本文试图通过主流商业动画(电视动画、影院动画长片)、非主流独立动画(独立艺术家、学院派)、动画研究与传播等领域的被采访者故事,还原一个真实的21世纪中国动画发展面貌。