我国环境刑罚轻缓化探析

毋庸置疑,在整个国际社会对环境犯罪处以轻缓刑罚的背景下,我国亦应该对环境刑罚采用轻缓化的原则。诚然,我国的环境刑罚制度与其他国家相比还有许多亟待完善的地方,但这并不妨碍我们在借鉴其他国家先进的立法经验的基础上构建适合我国具体国情的环境刑罚制度。在环境刑罚中要突出自由刑的适用,扩大并完善财产刑的适用,明确财产刑中过于模糊的规定,逐步改善环境犯罪的刑事处罚措施过于单一的缺点和功能上的不足,同时提高对辅助刑罚措施的关注。在环境犯罪方面,在适用传统刑罚措施惩治的基础上配合适用辅助刑罚措施,使我国环境刑罚轻缓化实践不至于成为一纸空谈。     

Non uniform exponential bounds on normal approximation by Stein’s method and monotone size bias couplings

It is known that the normal approximation is applicable for sums of non negative random variables, W, with the commonly employed couplings. In this work, we use the Stein’s method to obtain a general theorem of non uniform exponential bound on normal approximation base on monotone size bias couplings of W. Applications of the main result to give the bound on normal approximation for binomial random variable, the number of bulbs on at the terminal time in the lightbulb process, and the number of m runs are also provided.     

Similar coefficient for cluster of probability density functions

In this article, we propose a new criterion to evaluate the similarity of probability density functions (pdfs). We call this the criterion on similar coefficient of cluster (SCC) and use it as a tool to deal with overlap coefficients of pdfs in normal standard on [0;1]. With the support of the self-update algorithm for determining the suitable number of clusters, SCC then becomes a criterion to establish the corresponding cluster for pdfs. Moreover, some results on determination of SCC in case of two and more than two pdfs as well as relations of different SCCs and other measures are presented. The numerical examples in both synthetic data and real data are given not only to illustrate the suitability of proposed theories and algorithms but also to demonstrate the applicability and innovation of the proposed algorithm.     

Promoting sustainable development through civil society: A case study of the EU’s NSA/LA thematic programme in Kyrgyzstan

The article focuses on the contribution of the European Union (EU) in promoting sustainable development through the involvement of civil society in partner countries. More specifically, it analyses the main features and outcomes of the projects implemented by civil society organizations (CSOs) in Kyrgyzstan under the EU thematic programme Non‐State Actors and Local Authorities in Development (NSA/LA). Despite its importance—this is the only EU programme providing direct support to non‐state actors and local authorities engaged in poverty reduction—to date, there has been very little research on the functioning of this instrument on the ground. This article seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the EU’s contribution to sustainable development through a case study on Kyrgyzstan. The study is based on primary data: 10 semi‐structured interviews conducted with the EU‐funded organizations implementing the NSA/LA programme. The NSA/LA projects were analysed by considering two major fields of engagement of non‐state actors in the development process: as service providers and as advocates (Banks & Hulme, 2012). Overall, the organizations awarded EU support were not only focused on fulfilling short‐term needs but also sought to introduce new ways of dealing with poverty and inequality, positioning themselves between the “Big‐D” and the “little‐d” approaches to development (Bebbington, Hickey, & Mitlin, 2008). Nonetheless, the EU‐funded projects were too limited and fragmented to be able to sustain long‐term structural change. Therefore, the EU should place new emphasis on creating synergies between new and old structures at the grassroots level and establishing mechanisms and bodies that could merge and co‐ordinate their efforts. In addition, the calls for proposals could highlight the need to share the lessons learnt by “obliging” the beneficiaries to act as multipliers and to pass on their positive experience to neighbouring communities. Finally, the EU could stimulate the funded organizations to experiment with innovative mechanisms of involvement in the policy‐making process, by making this aspect a mandatory requirement of the projects implemented with its support.     

Non parametric mixture of strictly monotone regression models

In this article, we propose the non parametric mixture of strictly monotone regression models. For implementation, a two-step procedure is derived. We further establish the asymptotic normality of the resultant estimator and demonstrate its good performance through numerical examples.     

中国农村社会学研究现状与前景展望——“第七届农村社会学论坛”观点综述

“第七届农村社会学论坛”于2016年5月21－22日在西北农林科技大学成功举办。这次论坛主要围绕现代乡村文化建设与公共空间重建、乡村的现代命运及其未来发展趋势、国家治理下的基层社会治理困境与逻辑、农村公共事务治理及社区发展转型、农村社会发展和社会治理等议题展开讨论交流。     

一般工科院校非英语专业大学生英语学习策略调查

本文运用定量研究的方法,调查了南昌航空工业学院509名非英语专业本科生英语学习策略.结果发现,一般院校非英语专业本科生在管理观念和策略、母语观念和策略功能操练观念和策略上存在很大问题,投入于英语学习的时间严重不足. 据此本文提出大学英语教学应以策略培训为基础,用英语教学,培养英语思维能力,强化学习动机.     

“东边不亮,西边亮”——“11·21”包头空难在美国

2004年11月21日,东方航空公司一架从包头直飞上海的客机距机场不远的南海公园发生空难。部分遇难者家属不满东航公司提出的赔偿标准,历经波折在美国提起诉讼,继而又转回国内。＂11.21＂包头空难的遇难者家属在不能得到满意的赔偿情况下,和律师团达成风险代理协议,从而减轻了家属们的诉讼负担。这给我们以启示,应更多地了解外面的法律制度,借鉴以完善我国的立法之外,还要利用外国司法资源为我国受害者提供救济。     

文艺大众化：话语与实践的递嬗

中国现代文学中的“大众化运动”几乎贯穿20世纪文学史,牵涉到文学领域之外诸如思想、政治等领域内的诸多问题。从“五四”时期启蒙知识分子殷切呼唤的“平民文学”,到延安时期毛泽东《讲话》政策性指明的工农兵文艺方向,文艺大众化运动在话语与实践两方面经历了复杂的发展历程。     

中国新文学现代性历程的发展方向——读《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》

《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》(以下简称《讲话》)的问世,是中国新文学现代性发展历史进程中的一种必然,它解决了新文学诞生以来长期困扰文坛的作家自身的立场态度、情感体验、美感情趣与其表现对象和服务对象之间的矛盾,它导致解放区的文学面貌发生了翻天覆地的历史变化,由此而产生的权威话语和创作模式对此后的中国现当代文学产生了无法回避的重大影响。同时,对《讲话》的研究,也是关乎中国新文学现代性发展历程、发展规律的探索,它兼容诸多的矛盾、张力、悖论乃至魅力。