从圣索菲亚大教堂的历史变迁看文化的民族性和世界性

文化历来都是哲学和社会科学所关注的焦点问题之一，本文主要讨论文化的民族性和世界性方面的有关问题，并且选择以圣索菲亚大教堂为例，引出对相关问题的思考。     

Absent bodies and present memories: marking out the everyday and the future in Eastern Sri Lanka

Drawing from ethnographic work carried out between 2005 and 2007, this article considers the ways in which a women’s network has developed strategies to find meaning around the absences of loved ones, killed or ‘disappeared’ during the decades of conflict in Sri Lanka. For most of these women, the fate of their husbands, brothers, sons and fathers is not known and the lack of answers means that they are unable to fully grieve and find closure. In order to survive, they must find ways to deal with the absent bodies and present memories of those who may never be located and accounted for. These strategies include tree-planting ceremonies carried out as a way of not only remembering and mourning loved ones but also asking questions about how one makes sense of loss and what it means to carry the burden of unanswered absences through everyday life and into the future.     

Tracing Differentiation in Gendered Leadership: An Analysis of Differences in Gender Composition in Top Management in Business,Politics and the Civil Service

The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between the gendering of leadership positions and sector‐specific structures within politics, business and the civil service in Denmark in the context of differences between the Nordic countries and other western countries. The analysis is based on data from a survey of top male and female leaders within the three sectors. The theoretical point of departure of this article is constructivist. It looks at gender as constituted by actions in social space, orchestrated by structural processes and a symbolic order of gender. This constitutes a cultural discourse on gender reflected in gender conventions in society and in a range of possibilities of gender positioning. Expressions of this are discussed in the analysis of the patterns of difference in structural conditions for women and men in leadership positions to be found within the three sectors. The structural conditions encompass access conditions and conditions for gendered positioning and are analysed on the basis of data on social background, education, career course, family, children and distribution of housework. The analysis shows that there is a correlation between gender composition of leadership and possibilities of gendered positioning within a sector. The results are finally discussed as possible expressions of an egalitarian culture.     

Life Experiences and Vulnerabilities of Homeless Women: A Comparison of Women Unaccompanied Versus Accompanied by Minor Children, and Correlates with Children's Emotional Distress

The histories and service needs of 2 groups of homeless women, those unaccompanied by minor children (n = 46) and those accompanied by minor children (n = 22), were compared, on the basis of their responses to a biennial survey of homeless people in a midsize city in the southeast United States. Mothers of children aged 2–10 also completed a measure of stress symptoms for their children (n = 20). Irrespective of family status group, problems such as substance abuse, history of mental illness, health problems, chronicity of homelessness, and crime victimization tended to cluster together. The findings also suggest that declining and/or inadequate levels of public benefits, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and Medicaid-funded health care in particular, have adversely affected the 2 groups, particularly families with children. The young children in this sample experienced elevated levels of stress, and significant associations were found between children's stress levels and certain risk factors of their mothers. Implications for service delivery are discussed.     

Wage and Non-Wage Compensation Among Young Alcoholic and Heavy Drinking Women: A Preliminary Analysis

The association between drinking and selected job characteristics among women aged 24 to 31 is examined. Using the 1989 NLSY, women are classified as alcohol abusers or dependent based on DSM-III-R criteria or as heavy drinkers based on reported frequency of six or more drinks. Heavy drinking is negatively associated with wage and non-wage compensation. These effects diminish when human capital measures are controlled. Current alcoholism and current and past heavy drinking are strongly negatively associated with years of schooling. The association between alcoholism and job compensation and characteristics is not as strong as that seen for heavy drinking. It is not known if this is a consequence of errors in identifying alcoholic women in population-based surveys.     

私营企业女工权益保护论

在私营企业中 ，普遍存在着职工合法权益难以保障的问题，尤其是女工权益受侵害的问题更为普遍，也更 为突出。女工权益受侵害的原因，既有社会大环境方面的，也有企业主方面的，还有女工个 人方面的。制定专门的《私营企业法》，明确劳动契约原则，加强工商行政管理部门的管理 职能，加大新闻机构宣传与监督力度等，是有效保护女工合法权益的主要途径。     

从契丹诗歌的演进看契丹人的汉化进程

契丹诗歌留存不多,但其中蕴涵的文化信息却十分丰富。契丹诗歌的演进过程,就是契丹民族汉化进程的形象展现。通过对这个过程的分析研究,揭示出契丹民族的习俗由“无礼顽器”到文质彬彬;思维模式由简单平直到二元对立;情感由简单粗放到委婉细腻;思想意识由原始状态到汉民族多种哲学相互融合。     

全球化语境与文学的民族性

全球化与文学的民族性 ,从根本上说是一个历史问题在当前新的历史语境下的重新言说。它既表现出作为历史问题的滥觞所提供和积累的经验性意义 ,又由于历史境遇的深刻变化而必然呈示出“新质” ,并由此构成对世界现实秩序的挑战。我们既要坚持以“国家和民族”的范式参与“世界文学”的对话 ,又应积极地把握“全球化”态势以激活民族的文学     

论晋惠公

晋惠公并非一个庸碌无为的君主。晋惠公在位期间，晋国社会继续得到稳固 和发展。晋惠公许赂又背赂、作爰田、作州兵与和戎等一系列作为不仅为晋国的富强做出了 积极的贡献，并且为晋文公及其以后晋国的霸业奠定了坚实的政治、经济、军事基础。我们 应从历史发展的角度重新给予晋惠公一个公允的评价。