Zimbabwe's AIDS action programme for schools

AIDS education started very early in Zimbabwe and is now compulsory in all schools. This evaluation documents the development of the primary and secondary school AIDS Action Programme from 1991 to 1998. Six programme aspects were evaluated: programme start-up, planning and management, development of syllabi and materials, teacher training, research, monitoring and evaluation, and co-ordination. The Programme drew on resources from within the existing educational system. Due to broad-based consultation and participation, it was supported by Government and partners. Flexible management ensured implementation of mid-course corrections. It was concluded that school AIDS programmes should stress participatory teaching and learning methods and life-skills training. Curriculum writers and teachers needed training and supervision in participatory techniques. Cluster workshops between district and school levels were needed to strengthen the cascade model of teacher training that had been adopted. Systematic research, monitoring and evaluation were essential, including follow-ups to baseline surveys. The Zimbabwean programme was well-designed, relatively inexpensive and replicable.     

民国时期上海对私立学校的管理模式

民国时期上海私立学校特别繁盛。城市教育行政对此采取间接管理的模式,尤其注重借助立案管理的基本手段,规范和引导其办学行为,同时给予适当的经费扶持、公平待遇和充分信任,在经济和办学等环节进行必要的干预。对众多私立学校的间接管理模式大大减轻了上海城市公共教育财政负担,也为城市教育行政集中精力办理宏观教育管理创造了重要的前提。     

Equity and ‘No Fee’ Schools in South Africa: Challenges and Prospects

Despite almost 20 years of democratic governance in South Africa, there is growing evidence that equitable access to quality education remains elusive for the majority of its children. In 2007, the Department of Education declared 40 per cent of schools in the country to be ‘no fee’ schools and, by 2011, 60 per cent of all schools had been designated as such. This article examines the introduction and the effects to date of the no fee schools policy, and assesses the progress of South Africa's undoubtedly pro‐poor education policies towards promoting equality in education and, above all, achieving equity of access to resource allocation. It discusses the main challenges and issues relating to the implementation of the no fee policy at provincial and school levels while also considering the efficacy of existing equitable funding instruments, and concludes with suggestions for how more effective and equitable access to quality education can be realized.     

Significance of action plans in the development of occupational well-being in the schools of Finland and Estonia

This article is part of a long term project “Promoting the Occupational Well-Being of School Staff—Action Research Project in Finland and Estonia, 2009–2014.” The purpose of this article is to describe the significance of action plans in the promotion of the occupational well-being of primary and upper secondary school staff in Finland and Estonia from 2010 to the turn of the year 2011–2012. An electronic open questionnaire was sent to occupational well-being groups in Finland (N = 18) and in Estonia (N = 39). In Finland, the questionnaire was responded to by 16 (n = 16) occupational well-being groups, and in Estonia, by 38 (n = 38) groups. The qualitative data were analyzed using the inductive-deductive method and content analysis. The obtained results indicate that the schools had named goals for action plans in all aspects of the promotion of occupational well-being in schools (worker and work, working conditions, professional competence, working community) and that these goals were mainly realized in the schools in a systematic way. Schools felt that the action plan for occupational well-being helped them to set goals for occupational well-being and that the planned actions were realized in a more systematic way than before.     

Social Enterprise Among University-Based Centers in US Schools of Social Work

Globally, social enterprise is used increasingly by nonprofit organizations to create new funding streams in the face of dwindling public funds. In light of evidence that institutions of higher education are making similar adaptations, this study explores the extent to which academic centers in US schools of social work are using social enterprise strategies to fund mission efforts. Interviews with the directors of 16 social work research centers in 14 states reveal incentives and barriers that exist at multiple levels and considerably impact the potential viability of social enterprise in the social work academic setting. Implications for institutions of higher education and social work scholars are discussed.     

略论近代美国新教传教士在华的教育活动

美国新教传教士在中国的教育活动以建立的教会学校最为典型,它是中国近代历史上的特殊的文化现象,对促进中国高等教育现代化以及中西文化交流起着重要的作用。文章对教会学校的三个发展阶段进行了论述,并对这一现象进行了评价。     

钢琴奏响民族风——钢琴改编曲《百鸟朝凤》演奏之赏析

钢琴改编曲《百鸟朝凤》突破了西洋乐器表现力的局限性,保留了原本的民族特色,展现了钢琴独特的音乐表达方式;既传承了浓郁的民族风,又开创了新的演奏技法。关于它的演奏主要围绕钢琴指法、演绎技巧、乐段体现的情绪、乐曲画面四方面展开。     

近代中国私塾改良动因论析

鸦片战争后,中国被迫开始社会转型,与此同时,私塾教育亦开始为知识分子们所反对,政府也开始对私塾进行逐步改良。形成近代中国社会私塾——新学堂并存的教育体系二元格局,知识分子的觉醒,资产阶级思想的启蒙,新学堂的兴起,私塾自身的缺陷,政府的低效率,宗族社会的关系,在这些社会背景和历史动因影响下,开始了近代中国困顿与求索,蜕变与传承的私塾改良进程。     

卫绾“罢黜百家”说质疑

多数学者认为董仲舒不是第一个提出"罢黜百家"的人,肯定卫绾为第一个。笔者认为卫绾所提出的罢黜不是诸子百家,而仅仅是纵横家与法家,也不是后来意义上的罢黜百家。在中国历史上第一个提出罢黜百家的是李斯与秦始皇,不过他们所罢黜的不是法家而是儒家在内的百家。     

论南宋浙东事功学派的富民强国思想

南宋浙东事功学派的学者们,本着重事功、讲实际的思想,立足现实,针砭时弊,反对“抑末厚本”,主张“农商并重”,鼓励发展农业和商业,鼓吹富人在社会经济发展和国家强盛中的作用,提倡保护富人,倡导轻徭薄赋,与民休息,呼吁施行有利于百姓利益的种种措施,从而实现藏富于民,最后达到民富而国强、国家中兴统一的目的。他们的思想主张是符合时代发展潮流,适应南宋两浙地区商品经济发展要求的,至今仍有现实借鉴意义。