磷酸酯/Fe3+ 型油基冻胶压裂液性能研究

针对磷酸酯/Al3+ 交联的油基压裂液交联速度慢，交联剂溶解性慢、稳定性差和价格高等缺点，首次对磷酸酯/Fe3+ 交联的油基压裂液体系进行了研究。通过对铁交联剂体系的优化，筛选一种磷酸酯/Fe3+ 交联的新型交联剂体系，并对磷酸酯/Fe3+ 油基冻胶压裂液性能进行了评价。结果表明：采用30%Fe2(SO4)3+15% 二乙醇胺+55% 水制备的新型交联剂体系，直接与磷酸酯混合即可形成油基冻胶，其性能不受放置时间的影响，交联速度快，成胶性能好，10 min 就可达到最大黏度；压裂液的抗温抗剪切性能高，与常规铝交联剂体系比较，压裂液成胶速度提高了20 倍，压裂液的抗温能力由原来100 ℃提高到135 ℃，并且压裂液的破胶性和滤失性等性能均能达到压裂施工的要求。     

储层岩石矿物成分对酸蚀裂缝导流能力的影响

储层岩石矿物成分是酸压改造效果影响因素之一。研究认为，在储层岩石矿物成分中易溶物的含量及分布方式决定了酸蚀裂缝导流能力大小，易溶蚀物的含量越多，岩石溶蚀速率越快。室内测试了不同溶蚀速率下的灰岩和白云岩的酸蚀裂缝导流能力，研究了岩石溶蚀速率、易溶蚀物含量对酸蚀裂缝导流能力的影响，对酸压工艺设计方案提出了指导性建议。研究结果表明，储层岩石溶蚀速率与酸蚀裂缝导流能力增加倍比存在抛物线关系，易溶蚀物占30%40% 时酸蚀裂缝导流能力保持较好。     

Amassing rural power in the fight against fracking in Maryland: A report from the field

ABSTRACT

Social workers can mobilize vulnerable populations to shape policy decisions about industrial practices that could have adverse impacts on their wellbeing. One such practice is hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” to extract oil and natural gas from shale rock deposits. There is scant social work literature on mobilizing opposition to fracking despite a proliferation of literature from other disciplines. This article documents the campaign in Maryland that led to the adoption of the first legislative ban on fracking in a U.S. state with shale gas reserves, using social movement theory to identify factors that led to this successful outcome.     

有机硼交联HPG压裂液超低温破胶剂室内研究

对埋藏浅,油层温度低的油藏进行压裂改造,需解决压裂液低温破胶水化的问题。采用活化剂来提高过硫酸铵(APS),酶,胶囊破胶剂的低温破胶能力。通过对有机硼交联的羟丙基瓜胶(HPG)压裂液低温下破胶后粘度损失率的测定,筛选出用于50℃下的APS/活化剂破胶系统及胶囊破胶剂。结果表明:在APS/活化剂破胶系统的作用下,采用有机硼作交联剂的HPG压裂液在较低温度条件下能彻底破胶水化。     

夹具浮动介质的选择原则

根据外现形态对浮动介质进行分类,对各自的性能特点进行了分析比较,较系统地总结了浮动介质的选择原则.     

CFD技术在《液压与气压传动》课程教学中的应用

通过教学实例说明了CFD技术在《液压与气压传动》课程多媒体教学中的应用。利用CFD软件直观展现流场仿真的先进功能,可以直观地看到封闭流场的流动情况和相关参数,加深了学生对相应知识的理解,提高了学习效果。     

一种计算裂缝砂卡位置的新方法

在压裂施工作业过程中有可能在裂缝中形成砂卡,砂卡一旦形成必然会影响到压裂施工压力,为了准确计算裂缝中砂卡的位置,可以对压裂施工压力进行分析。通过做出压裂施工压力和施工时间的双对数曲线,可以确定砂卡发生后的压力响应数据,将这些数据进行线性回归,求得直线段斜率,然后根据求得的斜率和相关的裂缝参数,即可求出裂缝中砂卡的位置。这对于正确指导压裂施工作业以及获得优质裂缝具有重要意义。     

压裂泵柱塞密封副有限元分析

用有限单元法对OPI-1800AWS型压裂泵柱塞密封副进行了有限元分析,获得了橡胶密封圈与柱塞之间接触应力的分布规律以及接触应力与工作介质压力的关系。计算表明:橡胶密封圈在工作介质压力的作用下,有“偏离效应”的存在。即在密封圈的接触宽度上,唇部受拉伸,根部受压缩,主密封在靠近唇部位置;同时,主密封带的位置不随介质压力的变化而变化,且最大接触应力与工作介质压力之比为1.23。所有这些为润滑状态和密封机理的分析提供了计算依据,同时为密封圈结构设计提供了新的认识和理论依据     

胶囊破胶剂的介质分散分相法制备研究

针对压裂施工过程中破胶过早的问题，以过硫酸铵为芯材，选用适宜的聚合物为囊衣材料，采用分散分相法制备胶囊破胶剂。通过比较，确定了聚乙烯醇（PVA）和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）为较好的囊衣材料，通过正交实验研究了两种胶囊破胶剂的制备工艺。结果表明：搅拌速率、温度、衣材与囊芯的质量比、衣材溶液和分散剂的质量分数对胶囊破胶剂性能有较大影响。制备PVA胶囊破胶剂的最佳条件为:温度25℃，搅拌速率270r/min，衣材与囊芯的质量比2:8，分散剂用量为1%；制备EVA胶囊破胶剂的最佳条件为:温度25℃，搅拌速率300r/min，衣材溶液和分散剂的用量为5%和2%。     

Emotion,reflexivity and social change in the era of extreme fossil fuels

Reflexivity is an important sociological lens through which to examine the means by which people engage in actions that contribute to social reproduction or social elaboration. Reflexivity theorists have largely overlooked the central place of emotions in reflexive processing, however, thus missing opportunities to enhance our understanding of reflexivity by capitalizing on recent scholarship on emotions emanating from other fields of inquiry. This paper explores the role of emotion in reflexivity, with a qualitative analysis of social responses to hydraulic fracturing in Alberta, Canada, utilizing narrative analysis of long‐form interviews with rural landowners who have experienced direct impacts from hydraulic fracturing, and have attempted to voice their concerns in the public sphere. Based on interviews with a selection of two interview participants, the paper highlights the means by which emotions shape reflexivity in consequential ways, beginning with personal and highly individualized emotional responses to contingent situations, which then factor into the social interactions engaged in the pursuit of personal projects. The shared emotional context that emerges then plays a substantial role in shaping outcomes and their implications for social stasis or change. This study exemplifies the extent to which reflexive processing in response to breaches in the social order can be emotionally tumultuous affairs, constituting a significant personal toll that many may be unwilling to pay.