沙僧形象溯源

沙僧是《西游记》中重要的取经人物之一。从《大正新修大藏经》中的相关材料看 ,其原型当是出于密教中的深沙神 ,历经唐宋元明诸朝说部作者的结撰才定型。     

Deriving Behavior Model Parameters from Survey Data: Self‐Protective Behavior Adoption During the 2009–2010 Influenza A(H1N1) Pandemic

In this paper, we demonstrate how public opinion surveys can be designed to collect information pertinent to computational behavior modeling, and we present the results of a public opinion and behavior survey conducted during the 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The results are used to parameterize the Health Belief Model of individual health‐protective decision making. Survey subjects were asked questions about their perceptions of the then‐circulating influenza and attitudes towards two personal protective behaviors: vaccination and avoidance of crowds. We empirically address two important issues in applying the Health Belief Model of behavior to computational infectious disease simulation: (1) the factors dynamically influencing the states of the Health Belief Model variables and (2) the appropriateness of the Health Belief Model in describing self‐protective behavior in the context of pandemic influenza.     

月亮的圆缺变化与不死观念——论中国古代神话中月亮的能指与所指

月亮是中国古代神话的一个象征符号。其能指是圆缺变化，所指是长生不死。寄居月亮之中的白兔、蟾蜍、嫦娥与桂树都具有不死特征，这些不死的意象共同构成了月亮的长生不死形象。这是渴望长生不死的中国古人赋予月亮的文化意义，而作为月亮的对立面太阳则被赋予短命夭亡的意义。     

“引路菩萨”与“莲花手”——汉藏持莲花观音像比较

敦煌藏经洞出土了许多精美的幡画,其中有的注明为“引路菩萨”。通过图像特征,可以确定这种“引路菩萨”属于观音菩萨的一种身形,其宗教功能是作为阿弥陀佛的助手,引导死者往生西方净土。同时,在藏传佛教造像中广泛流行的“莲花手”观音,虽然在造型、名号上与前者并不相同,但经过笔者的考察,证明汉传佛教中的“引路菩萨”与藏传佛教中的“莲花手”在宗教功能上是一致的,是观音菩萨在不同的宗教系统中所呈现的不同图像样式。     

论中国回族及其文化

回族是在中国历史上发展形成的一个民族群体,并对中国社会发生重大的影响。把民族与宗教信仰紧密联系在一起,是中国回族最突出的特点,也是最重要的特点。中国回族实际上是直接受到两种思想和两种文化的影响和教育。中国回族先民在融会贯通伊斯兰思想和儒家思想方面,有许多创新和独到之处,积累了丰富的经验,提出了许多切实可行的理论和观点,取得了很好的效果,也树立了不同思想和文化之间交流和对话的典范。今天,在新形势下,我们更应该发扬这种精神,积极创造条件,加强民族团结,促进社会和谐。     

清至民国时期的东北民神

民神信仰是民俗文化的重要组成部分,东北地区由于特殊的历史和地理背景,在其民神形成的历史过程中,既有与全国民神共同的特点,也有自身的地城特征.     

Central tendency bias in belief elicitation

We conduct an experiment in which subjects participate in a first-price auction against an automaton that bids randomly in a given range. The subjects first place a bid in the auction. They are then given an incentivized elicitation of their beliefs of the opponent’s bid. Despite having been told that the bid of the opponent is drawn from a uniform distribution, we find that a majority of subjects report beliefs that have a peak in the interior of the range. This result is robust across seven different experimental treatments. While not expected at the outset, these single-peaked beliefs have precedence in the experimental psychology judgments literature. Our results suggest that an elicitation of probability beliefs can result in responses that are more concentrated than the objectively known or induced truth. We provide indicative evidence that such individual belief reports can be rationalized by well-defined subjective beliefs that differ from the objective truth. Our findings offer an explanation for the conservatism and overprecision biases in Bayesian updating. Finally, our findings suggest that probabilistic forecasts of uncertain events might have less variance than the actual events.     

Beliefs underlying stress reduction and depression help-seeking among college students: An elicitation study

Objective: This study illustrates how a theory-based approach can identify college students’ beliefs about stress reduction activities and help-seeking for depression. These beliefs are the basis for intervention design. Participants: A sample of 53 undergraduate students at a public university in the Midwest participated in this research during March 2016. Methods: An open-ended belief elicitation survey was administered online. Beliefs were identified through qualitative thematic analyses. Results: Exercise was students’ most preferred stress reduction activity. Beliefs about exercise emphasized physical benefits yet also not having time for exercise. Beliefs about help-seeking for depression emphasized treatment efficacy, support from others, stigma, and time constraints. Conclusions: Whereas beliefs about positive outcomes inform educational and motivational messages, beliefs about time constraints underscore the need to also consider structural factors that can help students find time to attend to their well-being.     

大学生的马克思主义信仰问题及缘起

实用理性的僭妄和非理性思潮的泛起,造成当前马克思主义意识形态一定程度上的空心化和边缘化。具体而言,大学生马克思主义信仰问题的生成,是感性实证认知方式、市场经济负面影响、西方社会思潮误导、马克思主义信仰教育机制滞后等原因所致。以政治意识形态功能为主的马克思主义理论教育必须兼具人文精神批判与重建的文化启蒙向度。     

民间信仰发生机制的符号学解读——以四川江油及台湾地区哪吒信仰为例

本文尝试将卡西尔、苏珊·朗格、洛特曼、格尔茨等人的符号学理论用于对哪吒形象的文化解读。力图从物质文化和行为文化两大维度,立体认识哪吒形象的符号学意义,并运用发生方法学的方法,详尽剖析哪吒文化中的神格定位,分析其传播过程的符号发生机制,并相应考察其在传统文化继承和社会精神文明建设等方面的内涵与功用价值。