城市新移民文化研究

作为一个文化群体的存在,"新移民"在文化上具有"山寨性"、"快餐性"、"开放性"等特征。这些特征既是他们"扎根城市生活"的生活写照,也显示了他们"永不言弃奋斗精神"之下潜伏着的集体张力。"新移民文化"在很大程度上再次点燃了城市的文化活力。"新移民文化"所拥有的现象特征与内生动力,显现出其所蕴含的城市革新力量与未来发展潜能。他们是推动中国城市化进程至关重要的一环,乃至成为整个中国未来现代化事业中值得信赖的有生力量。     

Navigating infant feeding supports after migration: Perspectives of Arabic and Chinese mothers and health professionals in Australia

Optimal feeding practices can establish lifelong, transgenerational and global health benefits. Migration and cultural factors impact infant feeding practices and the support mothers receive for optimal infant feeding. This qualitative study explored support for infant feeding among Arabic and Chinese speaking migrant mothers in Australia.Semi-structured focus groups were conducted in language with 24 Arabic and 22 Chinese-Mandarin speaking migrant mothers with children under five years of age. Individual interviews were conducted in English with 20 health professionals working with Arabic or Chinese speaking migrant families. Data were thematically analysed using the framework method.Traditional family networks and trusted bi-cultural doctors were influential infant feeding supports for mothers. Health professionals perceived maternal and child health services to be poorly understood, and some mothers who accessed services felt they were not always culturally sensitive. Mothers sought additional information and support through online sources and peers. Both mothers and health professionals recognised the challenges of managing conflicting infant feeding advice and seeking best-practice support.The findings of this study highlight opportunities for health professionals to better support migrant mothers’ infant feeding practices, for example through engaging families and working with doctors. There is a need for greater cultural sensitivity within maternal and child health services and culturally relevant programs to support healthy infant feeding practices among migrant communities.     

社会融合中的性别差异:流动人口工作搜寻时间的实证分析

文章以扩展传统的流动人口社会融合的静态研究视角,使用国家人口计生委2010年上半年流动人口动态监测调查数据,从男女农村流动人口工作搜寻时间的角度进一步比较农村流动人口融入流入地劳动力市场过程的性别差异及影响因素。文章采用持续时间模型,通过研究农村流动人口在流入地城市找工作所花费时间的影响因素,发现虽然在给定时间内,女性流动人口在流入地找到工作所花费的时间比男性要短,但女性找到高收入工作的概率要低于男性,而接受低收入工作的概率要大于男性,从而导致性别区隔的流动人口社会融入模式。     

优化进出口商品结构转变外贸增长方式

近时期我国外贸工作的重点是,加快转变外贸增长方式,优化进出口商品结构,鼓励高新技术产品和机电产品出口,继续限制资源性、高耗能、高污染产品出口,提高利用外资质量,促进国内产业升级.我国贸易增长方式的转变关键在于国内产业结构的转变,而产业结构的转变是一个比较长期的过程.要优化进出口商品结构,着力提高对外贸易的质量和效益.     

Nonmarket networks among migrants: evidence from metropolitan Bangkok,Thailand

This paper examines the nonmarket interactions among migrants in the urban labor market of Bangkok, Thailand. We test whether the population size and the labor-market performance of previous migrants have externalities to new migrants who have moved from the same province of origin. Our empirical results, which control origin fixed effects, time fixed effects, and origin- and year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative population size of previous migrants in the market decreases the employment probability of new migrants (substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases that of new migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants is high, however, the scale effect becomes positive, which demonstrates a threshold in the informational scale economies. The results imply that positive informational scale effect dominates negative substitution effect when the efficiency of previous migrants is sufficiently high in the destination labor market.

论比较利益原理与发展中国家的贸易政策选择

比较利益原理为国际贸易理论研究和政策选择提供了统一的基础性分析框架。然而 ,发展中国家贸易政策选择却长期背离比较利益原理 ,到 2 0世纪 70年代后才逐渐向比较利益原理回归 ,90年代亚洲金融危机后又对比较利益原理的运用重新进行思考。反思上述历史过程 ,我们应注意以下问题 :在贸易理论研究中 ,要使贸易政策理论具有可操作性 ,不能将贸易纯理论简单地等同于贸易政策理论 ,系统的比较研究和实证研究具有重要意义 ,对理论研究中的意识形态因素应加以重视 ;在贸易政策实践中 ,要尽可能排除利益集团的干扰 ,注意汇率制度的配合 ,安排好各项改革措施的先后次序 ,并充分认识国家大小因素对政策规划的影响。     

Professional stances and personal values in the realm of transnational family reunification with older parents: social work practice in an emerging field

National rules for family reunification take place in an increasingly transnational context. Social workers in Switzerland, whether they work in services for migrants or for elders, are confronted with requests for transnational family reunification with older parents. Such requests, while relatively rare, elicit responses which must be viewed as largely founded on professionals' values and norms regarding the care of elders, family cohabitation, the influence of cultural factors, and examined against a backdrop of increasing suspicion of motives for migration—especially in fields where migration issues have not been at the forefront of professional debate and practice. The militant stance of some services for migrants can thus be contrasted with the relative inexperience of professionals active in social services for elders, who rarely encounter recent migrants. The latter are more likely to reflect their own private—and unexamined—views when advising clients in a field characterised by complexity and instability. The authors interviewed social workers and families in two Swiss cantons. Their results point to ways in which distinct professional cultures could enrich each other and provide social workers with tools to critically analyse their own practice in a very difficult field, the contours of which remain largely unexplored.     

论专利产品平行进口的法律调控

对专利产品平行进口如何进行法律调控是知识产权领域亟待解决的问题。从专利权用尽规则、专利权地域性规则、专利权许可规则出发 ,专利产品平行进口应予禁止 ;而贸易自由化则要求商品能在各国之间自由流通。由于专利产品平行进口涉及多方面的经济利益 ,各国意见难以一致 ,因而 ,TRIPs协议对此未作统一规定 ,而由各成员国自行决定禁止与否。目前 ,美国、日本、欧盟对此采取不同的法律调控。在这种国际环境下 ,为维护我国利益 ,我们应禁止专利产品平行进口。但是 ,应密切关注世界各国对专利产品平行进口法律调控的发展态势 ,做好相应的准备 ,以便在情况变化时 ,及时调整我国专利法的相关规定 ,应对新的挑战。     

中日工业化初期企业家行为对技术引进的影响

企业家作为生产要素的组织者和“创造性地破坏均衡”的创新者，其行为影响一个国家的现代化进程。日本明治时期以武士为主体的企业家作为集武士的冒险和开拓精神、日本特色的儒家传统以及国家利益为最高目标的实业精神和近代科学技术于一身的阶层，在不断完善的产权制度的环境中，有力地推动了技术自立化的进程。中国的“虚拟企业家”身份的复杂性，使得他们要在买办、地主、绅士及官僚等角色中寻求平衡，他们选择“寻租”或“守成”，与中国社会的制度环境结合，使得中国的现代化进程尤其艰难和缓慢。     

进口对中国经济增长驱动作用的实证分析

文章通过理论与实证分析阐述了进口对中国经济增长的驱动作用。理论上主要从当前的国际环境及中国的国情两方面论述了适当增加进口的必要性和可行性。实证上则是利用动态分布滞后(ADL)模型对进口与GDP关系进行协整分析并通过建立误差修正模型(ECM)进一步说明进口对中国经济增长的促进作用。最后根据以上分析提出建议:中国应适当增加进口以解决当前存在的贸易问题。