伊尼斯四大媒介形态的审美趣味

作为媒介生态学派的奠基人,伊尼斯提出了口语、文字、印刷和广播等四大媒介形态。这不仅启发了之后的媒介研究,也具有丰富的审美价值。口语媒介可以激发审美个性,提高人的综合审美能力;文字媒介隐藏着对审美的内在否定,使审美偏向视觉器官;印刷媒介带来标准化审美,使大众的审美日渐趋同;广播媒介带来审美的幻觉和娱乐化倾向。对伊尼斯四大媒介形态具有的不同审美趣味进行探讨,可以使我们充分理解当代多媒介生态下审美趣味的复杂性。     

Enclosure,writing, and resistance: revisiting the prose of Daniil Kharms

The author argues that discipline – operating through the distribution of individuals by means of enclosure and surveillance – is crucial to understanding Daniil Kharms’s prose of the 1930s. The author focuses on three of his mini-stories, first looking at mechanisms of surveillance in “Dream,” examining their effects upon the psyche that have material impacts on the body of the individual. Then he turns to a trajectory of enclosure that operates from the urban commons (“Trial by Lynching”) to the home (“An Unexpected Drinking Party”). The centripetal trajectory of enclosure ends in all cases at the body as the endpoint of discipline and, ultimately, the site of Kharms’s “grotesque resistance,” challenging the enclosure of the body from the point of its confinement. He also looks to how paper – as theme in and medium of Kharms’s work – operates within these spatial dynamics. He draws upon Harold Innis, who associated the rise of print in the United States with the “space bias” of communication. Reading Foucault and Innis together, Kharms’s short prose works can be understood as a contestation of the space bias of print media in the Stalinist era, prompting Kharms’s retreat to the contours of the body as a site of struggle.     

加拿大传播学派的双星:伊尼斯与麦克卢汉

传播学的加拿大学派有两位巨匠。一是麦克卢汉,一是伊尼斯。麦克卢汉曾谦称自己是伊尼斯的“注脚”。他们开创的“媒介决定论”,业已证明具有相当的前瞻性。麦克卢汉以其媒介“延伸论”、“迅息论”和“冷热论”著称。伊尼斯以其“偏向论”和“帝国论”闻名。本文介绍两位巨人的贡献,比较两人治学方法的异同。     

媒介环境学派的理论分析框架

文章在对媒介环境学派整体分析的基础上,勾勒出了该学派的理论分析框架。这一框架包括三个大的方面:对传播媒介的静态分析;对媒介演化的动态分析;对媒介本身之社会历史影响的分析。每个方面又包括多个层次和维度。     

媒介与文明:伊尼斯传播理论的政治视野

伊尼斯的传播理论提出了媒介影响文明的两重范畴:时间-空间偏向和口头-书面偏向。他认为,建立在传播基础上的比较政治视野比那些仅仅考虑生产或宗教关系的研究更能帮助我们理解一个社会的兴衰。历史被占支配地位的媒介划分成不同的发展时期,这些媒介把信息记载和转化为一定的知识体系,而一定的知识体系又与既定政治社会的权力结构相匹配。媒介和社会的互动造成了传播的偏向,传播的偏向强烈地影响了该社会的文化定向。透过传播的偏向,我们不仅可以辨识文明的特性,还可以预断文明的未来。     

凡勃伦对伊尼斯传播理论的影响研究

伊尼斯的传播研究与其政治经济学研究一脉相承，特别是受到凡勃伦及其创立的制度经济学的深刻影响。这种影响突出表现在三个方面:方法论的启发；加深对技术重要性的认识；提供了一些重要概念和命题。伊尼斯恰恰是在这些方面为媒介环境学奠定了重要基础。