日汉同声传译中常见问题及其对策

由于日汉两种语言所具有的不同特点，给同声传译造成了诸多的困难，影响了同声传译的质量。我们在进行日汉同声传译的时侯，可以采用先听先译、延长或缩短等候时间、预测、弥补、紧跟、切割归纳、调节语速语调语气等对策来解决遇到的困难。     

“五四”精英与唯物史观在中国的传播和发展

唯物史观在中国的传播是由“五四”精英最早启动的，其中李大钊是先驱者，陈独秀影响力最大，李达是集大成者。随着中国共产党的成立及其革命的实践，“五四”精英在传播唯物观的同时也积极探索用唯物史观分析和指导中国的革命实践，取得了积极成果。“五四”精英传播和发展唯物史观给我们以深刻的启示，包括必须充分认识到唯物史观在指导中国革命建设中的重要地位、把传播与发展统一起来以及结合中国实际来传播和发展等。     

Two-stage Huber estimation

In this paper we propose a new robust estimator in the context of two-stage estimation methods directed towards the correction of endogeneity problems in linear models. Our estimator is a combination of Huber estimators for each of the two stages, with scale corrections implemented using preliminary median absolute deviation estimators. In this way we obtain a two-stage estimation procedure that is an interesting compromise between concerns of simplicity of calculation, robustness and efficiency. This method compares well with other possible estimators such as two-stage least-squares (2SLS) and two-stage least-absolute-deviations (2SLAD), asymptotically and in finite samples. It is notably interesting to deal with contamination affecting more heavily the distribution tails than a few outliers and not losing as much efficiency as other popular estimators in that case, e.g. under normality. An additional originality resides in the fact that we deal with random regressors and asymmetric errors, which is not often the case in the literature on robust estimators.     

Generalized quasi-likelihood

The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations. The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University.     

论《说文》的方言研究

许慎在《说文》中引证方言俗语是自觉的。《说文》中的方言研究成果形式有显性的和隐性的两种 ,其价值有三 :一是为研究汉代方言保存了具有共时价值的材料 ,二是为后人提供了可资参考的方言研究成果 ,三是对后人研究方言具有方法论意义的启发。《说文》方言研究的主要贡献在于“方言文字学     

面对西学:梁漱溟对中国文化的阐释与批评

梁漱溟是现代新儒学的开启人 ,在儒学发展史上具有重要地位。他不仅对儒学的现代转换做了巨大努力 ,同时对中国文化的缺陷进行了尖锐的批评 ,而这一点正是学界在研究梁漱溟乃至整个现代新儒学时所忽视的。认真探讨这一问题 ,无论是对于深化中国现代学术史研究 ,还是对于当代中国文化建设 ,都具有重要理论意义     

On the asymptotic normality of the L1- and L2-errors in histogram density estimation

The L₁ and L₂-errors of the histogram estimate of a density f from a sample X₁,X₂,…,Xn using a cubic partition are shown to be asymptotically normal without any unnecessary conditions imposed on the density f. The asymptotic variances are shown to depend on f only through the corresponding norm of f. From this follows the asymptotic null distribution of a goodness-of-fit test based on the total variation distance, introduced by Györfi and van der Meulen (1991). This note uses the idea of partial inversion for obtaining characteristic functions of conditional distributions, which goes back at least to Bartlett (1938).     

海峡两岸司法协助模式新探

区际司法协助,是中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权后最迫切需要解决的问题之一。现今在我国区际司法协助实践中已经出现了"安排模式",这种模式初步解决了我国的区际司法协助问题,但还不能说是我国开展区际司法协助的唯一模式。而海峡两岸区际冲突法的独特性和复杂性,使示范立法模式有其运用的空间。     

和谐语境中的司法期待

法律关系是人际关系的特殊表现,当事人之间纠纷的发生导致了人际关系的破坏,法律的正义观应关注未来的人际关系。现实中被设计出来作为化解冲突、实现和谐的司法制度,却往往在实际的案件裁判中更多的成为延续和引发再次冲突的根源。因此,司法必须通过裁判使当事人从内心消除怨恨,实现人际关系的修复,而不是仅仅着眼于一个具体个案的审结。简单的追求效率不是以人为本的司法,也不符合转型社会的实际需要。     

现代归纳逻辑性向解释面临的困境与发展

性向解释是在频率解释不能解决单个事件概率的情形下由波普尔提出来的。虽然波普尔的性向解释也没有解决为单个事件引入客观概率的问题，但与频率解释相比，它对概率论应用的情形提供了有用的扩展，并且“性向”这个术语并不仅仅适用于他自己的观点。由此，后期波普尔、米勒和费塞特发展了单个事例性向解释，吉利斯发展了长趋势性向解释。